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Oracle® Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference
10g Release 2 (10.2)

Part Number B14355-01
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Contents

List of Examples

List of Figures

List of Tables

Title and Copyright Information

Send Us Your Comments

Preface

Intended Audience
Documentation Accessibility
Structure
Related Documents
Conventions

Part I Overview

1 Introducing JDBC

1.1 Overview of JDBC
1.2 Overview of the Oracle JDBC Drivers
1.2.1 Common Features of Oracle JDBC Drivers
1.2.2 JDBC Thin Driver
1.2.3 JDBC OCI Driver
1.2.4 JDBC Server-Side Thin Driver
1.2.5 JDBC Server-Side Internal Driver
1.2.6 Choosing the Appropriate Driver
1.2.7 Feature Differences Between JDBC OCI and Thin Drivers
1.3 Overview of Application and Applet Functionality
1.3.1 Applet Basics
1.3.2 Oracle Extensions
1.4 Server-Side Basics
1.5 Environments and Support
1.5.1 Supported JDK and JDBC Versions
1.5.2 JNI and Java Environments
1.5.3 JDBC and IDEs
1.6 Changes At This Release
1.6.1 New Features
1.6.2 Desupported Features
1.6.3 Interface Changes
1.7 Feature List

2 Getting Started

2.1 Compatibilities for Oracle JDBC Drivers
2.2 Verifying a JDBC Client Installation
2.2.1 Checking Installed Directories and Files
2.2.2 Checking the Environment Variables
2.2.3 Ensuring that the Java Code Can Be Compiled and Run
2.2.4 Determining the Version of the JDBC Driver
2.2.5 Testing JDBC and the Database Connection

3 Basic Features

3.1 Basic Steps in JDBC
3.1.1 Importing Packages
3.1.2 Opening a Connection to a Database
3.1.3 Creating a Statement Object
3.1.4 Running a Query and Retrieving a ResultSet Object
3.1.5 Processing the ResultSet Object
3.1.6 Closing the ResultSet and Statement Objects
3.1.7 Making Changes to the Database
3.1.8 Committing Changes
3.1.9 Closing the Connection
3.2 Sample: Connecting, Querying, and Processing the Results
3.3 Stored Procedure Calls in JDBC Programs
3.3.1 PL/SQL Stored Procedures
3.3.2 Java Stored Procedures
3.4 Processing SQL Exceptions

Part II Oracle JDBC

4 JDBC Standards Support

4.1 Introduction
4.2 JDBC 2.0 Support: JDK 1.2.x and Later Versions
4.2.1 Data Type Support
4.2.2 Standard Feature Support
4.2.3 Extended Feature Support
4.2.4 Standard versus Oracle Performance Enhancement APIs
4.3 JDBC 3.0 Support: JDK 1.4 and Previous Releases
4.4 Overview of Supported JDBC 3.0 Features
4.5 Transaction Savepoints
4.5.1 Creating a Savepoint
4.5.2 Rolling back to a Savepoint
4.5.3 Releasing a Savepoint
4.5.4 Checking Savepoint Support
4.5.5 Savepoint Notes
4.5.6 Savepoint Interfaces
4.5.7 Pre-JDK1.4 Savepoint Support
4.6 Retrieval of Auto-Generated Keys
4.6.1 java.sql.DatabaseMetaData
4.6.2 java.sql.Statement
4.6.3 java.sql.Connection
4.6.4 Sample Code
4.7 JDBC 3.0 LOB Interface Methods
4.8 Result Set Holdability

5 Oracle Extensions

5.1 Introduction to Oracle Extensions
5.2 Support Features of the Oracle Extensions
5.2.1 Support for Oracle Data Types
5.2.2 Support for Oracle Objects
5.2.3 Support for Schema Naming
5.2.4 DML Returning
5.2.5 Accessing PL/SQL Index-by Tables
5.3 Oracle JDBC Packages
5.3.1 Package oracle.sql
5.3.2 Package oracle.jdbc
5.4 Oracle Character Data Types Support
5.4.1 SQL CHAR Data Types
5.4.2 SQL NCHAR Data Types
5.4.3 Class oracle.sql.CHAR
5.5 Additional Oracle Type Extensions
5.5.1 Oracle ROWID Type
5.5.2 Oracle REF CURSOR Type Category
5.5.3 Oracle BINARY_FLOAT and BINARY_DOUBLE Types
5.5.4 The oracle.jdbc Package
5.5.4.1 Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleConnection
5.5.4.2 Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleStatement
5.5.4.3 Interface oracle.jdbc.OraclePreparedStatement
5.5.4.4 Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleCallableStatement
5.5.4.5 Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleResultSet
5.5.4.6 Interface oracle.jdbc.OracleResultSetMetaData
5.5.4.7 Class oracle.jdbc.OracleTypes
5.5.4.8 Method getJavaSqlConnection
5.6 DML Returning
5.6.1 Oracle-Specific APIs
5.6.2 Running DML Returning Statements
5.6.3 Example of DML Returning
5.6.4 Limitations of DML Returning
5.7 Accessing PL/SQL Index-by Tables
5.7.1 Overview
5.7.2 Binding IN Parameters
5.7.3 Receiving OUT Parameters
5.7.4 Type Mappings

6 Features Specific to JDBC Thin

6.1 Introduction to JDBC Thin Client
6.2 Additional Features Supported
6.2.1 Support for Applets
6.2.2 Default Support for Native XA
6.3 JDBC in Applets
6.3.1 Connecting to the Database through the Applet
6.3.2 Connecting to a Database on a Different Host Than the Web Server
6.3.2.1 Using the Oracle Connection Manager
6.3.2.2 Using Signed Applets
6.3.3 Using Applets with Firewalls
6.3.3.1 Configuring a Firewall for Applets that use the JDBC Thin Driver
6.3.3.2 Writing a URL to Connect through a Firewall
6.3.4 Packaging Applets
6.3.5 Specifying an Applet in an HTML Page
6.3.5.1 CODE, HEIGHT, and WIDTH
6.3.5.2 CODEBASE
6.3.5.3 ARCHIVE

7 Features Specific to JDBC OCI

7.1 OCI Connection Pooling
7.2 Transparent Application Failover
7.3 OCI Native XA
7.4 OCI Instant Client
7.4.1 Overview of Instant Client
7.4.2 Benefits of Instant Client
7.4.3 JDBC OCI Instant Client Installation Process
7.4.4 Usage of Instant Client
7.4.5 Patching Instant Client Shared Libraries
7.4.6 Regeneration of Data Shared Library and ZIP files
7.4.7 Database Connection Names for OCI Instant Client
7.4.8 Environment Variables for OCI Instant Client
7.5 Instant Client Light (English)
7.5.1 Globalization Settings
7.5.2 Operation
7.5.3 Installation

8 Server-Side Internal Driver

8.1 Introduction
8.2 Connecting to the Database
8.3 Exception-Handling Extensions
8.4 Session and Transaction Context
8.5 Testing JDBC on the Server
8.6 Loading an Application into the Server
8.7 Server-Side Character Set Conversion of oracle.sql.CHAR Data

Part III Connection and Security

9 Data Sources and URLs

9.1 Data Sources
9.1.1 Overview of Oracle Data Source Support for JNDI
9.1.2 Features and Properties of Data Sources
9.1.3 Creating a Data Source Instance and Connecting
9.1.4 Creating a Data Source Instance, Registering with JNDI, and Connecting
9.1.5 Supported Connection Properties
9.1.6 Using Roles for SYS Login
9.1.7 Configuring Database Remote Login
9.1.8 Bequeath Connection and SYS Logon
9.1.9 Properties for Oracle Performance Extensions
9.1.10 Logging and Tracing
9.2 Database URLs and Database Specifiers

10 JDBC Client-Side Security Features

10.1 Support for Oracle Advanced Security
10.1.1 JDBC OCI Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security
10.1.2 JDBC Thin Driver Support for Oracle Advanced Security
10.2 Support for Login Authentication
10.3 Support for Data Encryption and Integrity
10.3.1 JDBC OCI Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity
10.3.2 JDBC Thin Driver Support for Encryption and Integrity
10.3.3 Setting Encryption and Integrity Parameters in Java
10.4 Secure External Password Store

11 SSL Support

11.1 Overview of SSL
11.2 Java Version of SSL
11.3 SSL in JDBC
11.3.1 Non-JSSE Related Properties
11.3.2 JSSE Related Properties
11.3.3 Enabling SSL

12 Proxy Authentication

12.1 Need for Proxy Authentication
12.2 Creating Proxy Connections
12.3 Caching Proxy Connections

Part IV Data Access and Manipulation

13 Accessing and Manipulating Oracle Data

13.1 Data Type Mappings
13.1.1 Table of Mappings
13.1.2 Notes Regarding Mappings
13.2 Data Conversion Considerations
13.2.1 Standard Types Versus Oracle Types
13.2.2 Converting SQL NULL Data
13.2.3 Testing for NULLs
13.3 Result Set and Statement Extensions
13.4 Comparison of Oracle get and set Methods to Standard JDBC
13.4.1 Standard getObject Method
13.4.2 Oracle getOracleObject Method
13.4.3 Summary of getObject and getOracleObject Return Types
13.4.4 Other getXXX Methods
13.4.4.1 Return Types of getXXX Methods
13.4.4.2 Special Notes about getXXX Methods
13.4.5 Data Types For Returned Objects from getObject and getXXX
13.4.6 The setObject and setOracleObject Methods
13.4.7 Other setXXX Methods
13.4.7.1 Input Parameter Types of setXXX Methods
13.4.7.2 Setter Method Size Limitations
13.4.7.3 Setter Methods That Take Additional Input
13.4.7.4 Method setFixedCHAR for Binding CHAR Data into WHERE Clauses
13.5 Using Result Set Meta Data Extensions

14 Java Streams in JDBC

14.1 Overview
14.2 Streaming LONG or LONG RAW Columns
14.2.1 LONG RAW Data Conversions
14.2.2 LONG Data Conversions
14.2.3 Streaming Example for LONG RAW Data
14.2.4 Avoiding Streaming for LONG or LONG RAW
14.3 Streaming CHAR, VARCHAR, or RAW Columns
14.4 Streaming LOBs and External Files
14.5 Data Streaming and Multiple Columns
14.6 Closing a Stream
14.7 Notes and Precautions on Streams
14.7.1 Streaming Data Precautions
14.7.2 Using Streams to Avoid Limits on setBytes and setString
14.7.3 Streaming and Row Prefetching

15 Working with Oracle Object Types

15.1 Mapping Oracle Objects
15.2 Using the Default STRUCT Class for Oracle Objects
15.2.1 STRUCT Class Functionality
15.2.2 Retrieving STRUCT Objects and Attributes
15.2.3 Creating STRUCT Objects and Descriptors
15.2.4 Binding STRUCT Objects into Statements
15.2.5 STRUCT Automatic Attribute Buffering
15.3 Creating and Using Custom Object Classes for Oracle Objects
15.3.1 Relative Advantages of ORAData versus SQLData
15.3.2 Understanding Type Maps for SQLData Implementations
15.3.3 Creating Type Map and Defining Mappings for a SQLData Implementation
15.3.3.1 Adding Entries to an Existing Type Map
15.3.3.2 Creating a New Type Map
15.3.3.3 Materializing Object Types not Specified in the Type Map
15.3.4 Understanding the SQLData Interface
15.3.5 Reading and Writing Data with a SQLData Implementation
15.3.6 Understanding the ORAData Interface
15.3.7 Reading and Writing Data with a ORAData Implementation
15.3.8 Additional Uses for ORAData
15.3.9 The Deprecated CustomDatum Interface
15.4 Object-Type Inheritance
15.4.1 Creating Subtypes
15.4.2 Implementing Customized Classes for Subtypes
15.4.2.1 Use of ORAData for Type Inheritance Hierarchy
15.4.2.2 Use of SQLData for Type Inheritance Hierarchy
15.4.2.3 JPublisher Utility
15.4.3 Retrieving Subtype Objects
15.4.4 Creating Subtype Objects
15.4.5 Sending Subtype Objects
15.4.6 Accessing Subtype Data Fields
15.4.7 Inheritance Meta Data Methods
15.5 Using JPublisher to Create Custom Object Classes
15.5.1 JPublisher Functionality
15.5.2 JPublisher Type Mappings
15.6 Describing an Object Type
15.6.1 Functionality for Getting Object Meta Data
15.6.2 Steps for Retrieving Object Meta Data

16 Working with LOBs and BFILEs

16.1 Oracle Extensions for LOBs and BFILEs
16.2 Working with BLOBs and CLOBs
16.2.1 Getting and Passing BLOB and CLOB Locators
16.2.1.1 Retrieving BLOB and CLOB Locators
16.2.1.2 Passing BLOB and CLOB Locators
16.2.2 Reading and Writing BLOB and CLOB Data
16.2.3 Creating and Populating a BLOB or CLOB Column
16.2.4 Accessing and Manipulating BLOB and CLOB Data
16.2.5 Additional BLOB and CLOB Features
16.3 Data Interface for LOBs
16.4 Working With Temporary LOBs
16.5 Using Open and Close With LOBs
16.6 Working with BFILEs
16.6.1 Getting and Passing BFILE Locators
16.6.2 Reading BFILE Data
16.6.3 Creating and Populating a BFILE Column
16.6.4 Accessing and Manipulating BFILE Data
16.6.5 Additional BFILE Features

17 Using Oracle Object References

17.1 Oracle Extensions for Object References
17.2 Overview of Object Reference Functionality
17.2.1 Object Reference Getter and Setter Methods
17.2.2 Key REF Class Methods
17.3 Retrieving and Passing an Object Reference
17.3.1 Retrieving an Object Reference from a Result Set
17.3.2 Retrieving an Object Reference from a Callable Statement
17.3.3 Passing an Object Reference to a Prepared Statement
17.4 Accessing and Updating Object Values through an Object Reference
17.5 Custom Reference Classes with JPublisher

18 Working with Oracle Collections

18.1 Oracle Extensions for Collections
18.1.1 Choices in Materializing Collections
18.1.2 Creating Collections
18.1.3 Creating Multilevel Collection Types
18.2 Overview of Collection Functionality
18.2.1 Array Getter and Setter Methods
18.2.2 ARRAY Descriptors and ARRAY Class Functionality
18.3 ARRAY Performance Extension Methods
18.3.1 Accessing oracle.sql.ARRAY Elements as Arrays of Java Primitive Types
18.3.2 ARRAY Automatic Element Buffering
18.3.3 ARRAY Automatic Indexing
18.4 Creating and Using Arrays
18.4.1 Creating ARRAY Objects and Descriptors
18.4.2 Retrieving an Array and Its Elements
18.4.2.1 Retrieving the Array
18.4.2.2 Data Retrieval Methods
18.4.2.3 Comparing the Data Retrieval Methods
18.4.2.4 Retrieving Elements of a Structured Object Array According to a Type Map
18.4.2.5 Retrieving a Subset of Array Elements
18.4.2.6 Retrieving Array Elements into an oracle.sql.Datum Array
18.4.2.7 Accessing Multilevel Collection Elements
18.4.3 Passing Arrays to Statement Objects
18.5 Using a Type Map to Map Array Elements
18.6 Custom Collection Classes with JPublisher

19 Result Set

19.1 Overview
19.1.1 Result Set Functionality and Result Set Categories Supported in JDBC 2.0
19.1.2 Oracle JDBC Implementation Overview for Result Set Enhancements
19.2 Creating Scrollable or Updatable Result Sets
19.2.1 Specifying Result Set Scrollability and Updatability
19.2.2 Result Set Limitations and Downgrade Rules
19.3 Positioning and Processing in Scrollable Result Sets
19.3.1 Positioning in a Scrollable Result Set
19.3.2 Processing a Scrollable Result Set
19.4 Updating Result Sets
19.4.1 Performing a DELETE Operation in a Result Set
19.4.2 Performing an UPDATE Operation in a Result Set
19.4.3 Performing an INSERT Operation in a Result Set
19.4.4 Avoiding Update Conflicts
19.5 Fetch Size
19.5.1 Setting the Fetch Size
19.5.2 Use of Standard Fetch Size versus Oracle Row-Prefetch Setting
19.6 Refetching Rows
19.7 Seeing Database Changes Made Internally and Externally
19.7.1 Seeing Internal Changes
19.7.2 Seeing External Changes
19.7.3 Visibility versus Detection of External Changes
19.7.4 Summary of Visibility of Internal and External Changes
19.7.5 Oracle Implementation of Scroll-Sensitive Result Sets
19.8 Summary of New Methods for Result Set Enhancements
19.8.1 Modified Connection Methods
19.8.2 New Result Set Methods
19.8.3 Statement Methods
19.8.4 Database Meta Data Methods

20 JDBC RowSets

20.1 Overview
20.1.1 RowSet Properties
20.1.2 Events and Event Listeners
20.1.3 Command Parameters and Command Execution
20.1.4 Traversing RowSets
20.2 CachedRowSet
20.3 JDBCRowSet
20.4 WebRowSet
20.5 FilteredRowSet
20.6 JoinRowSet

21 Globalization Support

21.1 Providing Globalization Support
21.2 NCHAR, NVARCHAR2, NCLOB and the defaultNChar Property

Part V Performance Enhancements

22 Statement Caching

22.1 About Statement Caching
22.1.1 Basics of Statement Caching
22.1.2 Implicit Statement Caching
22.1.3 Explicit Statement Caching
22.2 Using Statement Caching
22.2.1 Enabling and Disabling Statement Caching
22.2.2 Physically Closing a Cached Statement
22.2.3 Using Implicit Statement Caching
22.2.4 Using Explicit Statement Caching

23 Implicit Connection Caching

23.1 The Implicit Connection Cache
23.2 Using the Connection Cache
23.2.1 Turning Caching On
23.2.2 Opening a Connection
23.2.3 Setting Connection Cache Name
23.2.4 Setting Connection Cache Properties
23.2.5 Closing A Connection
23.2.6 Implicit Connection Cache Example
23.3 Connection Attributes
23.3.1 Getting Connections
23.3.2 Setting Connection Attributes
23.3.3 Checking Attributes of a Returned Connection
23.3.4 Connection Attribute Example
23.4 Connection Cache Properties
23.4.1 Limit Properties
23.4.2 TIMEOUT Properties
23.4.3 Other Properties
23.4.4 Connection Property Example
23.5 Connection Cache Manager API
23.5.1 createCache
23.5.2 disableCache
23.5.3 enableCache
23.5.4 existsCache
23.5.5 getCacheNameList
23.5.6 getCacheProperties
23.5.7 getNumberOfActiveConnections
23.5.8 getNumberOfAvailableConnections
23.5.9 isFatalConnectionError
23.5.10 purgeCache
23.5.11 refreshCache
23.5.12 reinitializeCache
23.5.13 removeCache
23.5.14 setConnectionPoolDataSource
23.5.15 Example Of ConnectionCacheManager Use
23.6 Advanced Topics
23.6.1 Attribute Weights And Connection Matching
23.6.2 Connection Cache Callbacks
23.6.3 Use Cases for TimeToLiveTimeout and AbandonedConnectionTimeout

24 Run-Time Connection Load Balancing

24.1 Overview
24.2 Run-Time Connection Load Balancing
24.3 Enabling Run-Time Connection Load Balancing

25 Performance Extensions

25.1 Update Batching
25.1.1 Overview of Update Batching Models
25.1.2 Oracle Update Batching
25.1.3 Standard Update Batching
25.1.4 Premature Batch Flush
25.2 Additional Oracle Performance Extensions
25.2.1 Oracle Row Prefetching
25.2.1.1 Setting the Oracle Prefetch Value
25.2.1.2 Oracle Row-Prefetching Limitations
25.2.2 Defining Column Types
25.2.3 DatabaseMetaData TABLE_REMARKS Reporting

26 OCI Connection Pooling

26.1 OCI Driver Connection Pooling: Background
26.2 OCI Driver Connection Pooling and Shared Servers Compared
26.3 Defining an OCI Connection Pool
26.4 Connecting to an OCI Connection Pool
26.5 Sample Code for OCI Connection Pooling
26.6 Statement Handling and Caching
26.7 JNDI and the OCI Connection Pool

Part VI High Availability

27 Fast Connection Failover

27.1 Introduction
27.2 Using Fast Connection Failover
27.2.1 Fast Connection Failover Prerequisites
27.2.2 Configuring ONS For Fast Connection Failover
27.2.2.1 ONS Configuration File
27.2.2.2 Client-Side ONS Configuration
27.2.2.3 Server-Side ONS Configuration Using racgons
27.2.2.4 Remote ONS Subscription
27.2.3 Enabling Fast Connection Failover
27.2.4 Querying Fast Connection Failover Status
27.3 Understanding Fast Connection Failover
27.3.1 What The Application Sees
27.3.2 How It Works
27.4 Comparison of Fast Connection Failover and TAF

28 Transparent Application Failover

28.1 Overview
28.2 Failover Type Events
28.3 TAF Callbacks
28.4 Java TAF Callback Interface

Part VII Transaction Management

29 Distributed Transactions

29.1 Overview
29.1.1 Distributed Transaction Components and Scenarios
29.1.2 Distributed Transaction Concepts
29.1.3 Switching Between Global and Local Transactions
29.1.4 Oracle XA Packages
29.2 XA Components
29.2.1 XADatasource Interface and Oracle Implementation
29.2.2 XAConnection Interface and Oracle Implementation
29.2.3 XAResource Interface and Oracle Implementation
29.2.4 OracleXAResource Method Functionality and Input Parameters
29.2.5 Xid Interface and Oracle Implementation
29.3 Error Handling and Optimizations
29.3.1 XAException Classes and Methods
29.3.2 Mapping between Oracle Errors and XA Errors
29.3.3 XA Error Handling
29.3.4 Oracle XA Optimizations
29.4 Implementing a Distributed Transaction
29.4.1 Summary of Imports for Oracle XA
29.4.2 Oracle XA Code Sample
29.5 Native-XA in Oracle JDBC Drivers
29.5.1 OCI Native XA
29.5.2 Thin Native XA

Part VIII Manageability

30 End-To-End Metrics Support

30.1 Introduction
30.2 JDBC API For End-To-End Metrics

Part IX Appendixes

A Reference Information

A.1 Valid SQL-JDBC Data Type Mappings
A.2 Supported SQL and PL/SQL Data Types
A.3 Embedded SQL92 Syntax
A.3.1 Time and Date Literals
A.3.2 Scalar Functions
A.3.3 LIKE Escape Characters
A.3.4 Outer Joins
A.3.5 Function Call Syntax
A.3.6 SQL92 to SQL Syntax Example
A.4 Oracle JDBC Notes and Limitations
A.4.1 CursorName
A.4.2 SQL92 Outer Join Escapes
A.4.3 PL/SQL TABLE, BOOLEAN, and RECORD Types
A.4.4 IEEE 754 Floating Point Compliance
A.4.5 Catalog Arguments to DatabaseMetaData Calls
A.4.6 SQLWarning Class
A.4.7 Binding Named Parameters

B Coding Tips

B.1 JDBC and Multithreading
B.2 Performance Optimization
B.2.1 Disabling Auto-Commit Mode
B.2.2 Standard Fetch Size and Oracle Row Prefetching
B.2.3 Standard and Oracle Update Batching
B.2.4 Statement Caching
B.2.5 Mapping Between Built-in SQL and Java Types
B.3 Transaction Isolation Levels and Access Modes

C JDBC Error Messages

C.1 General Structure of JDBC Error Messages
C.2 General JDBC Messages
C.2.1 JDBC Messages Sorted by ORA Number
C.2.2 JDBC Messages Sorted in Alphabetic Order
C.3 Native XA Messages
C.3.1 Native XA Messages Sorted by ORA Number
C.3.2 Native XA Messages Sorted in Alphabetic Order
C.4 TTC Messages
C.4.1 TTC Messages Sorted by ORA Number
C.4.2 TTC Messages Sorted in Alphabetic Order

D Troubleshooting

D.1 Common Problems
D.1.1 Memory Consumption for CHAR Columns Defined as OUT or IN/OUT Variables
D.1.2 Memory Leaks and Running Out of Cursors
D.1.3 Boolean Parameters in PL/SQL Stored Procedures
D.1.4 Opening More Than 16 OCI Connections for a Process
D.1.5 Using statement.cancel
D.1.6 Using JDBC with Firewalls
D.2 Basic Debugging Procedures
D.2.1 Oracle Net Tracing to Trap Network Events
D.2.1.1 Client-Side Tracing
D.2.1.2 Server-Side Tracing
D.2.2 Third Party Debugging Tools

Index