Skip Headers
Oracle® Database JDBC Developer's Guide and Reference
10g Release 2 (10.2)

Part Number B14355-01
Go to Documentation Home
Home
Go to Book List
Book List
Go to Table of Contents
Contents
Go to Index
Index
Go to Master Index
Master Index
Go to Feedback page
Feedback

Go to previous page
Previous
Go to next page
Next
View PDF

18 Working with Oracle Collections

This chapter describes Oracle extensions to standard Java Database Connectivity (JDBC) that let you access and manipulate Oracle collections, which map to Java arrays, and their data. The following topics are discussed:

18.1 Oracle Extensions for Collections

An Oracle collection, either a variable array (VARRAY) or a nested table in the database, maps to an array in Java. JDBC 2.0 arrays are used to materialize Oracle collections in Java. The terms collection and array are sometimes used interchangeably. However, collection is more appropriate on the database side and array is more appropriate on the JDBC application side.

Oracle supports only named collections, where you specify a SQL type name to describe a type of collection. JDBC enables you to use arrays as any of the following:

This section covers the following topics:

18.1.1 Choices in Materializing Collections

In your application, you have the choice of materializing a collection as an instance of the oracle.sql.ARRAY class, which is weakly typed, or materializing it as an instance of a custom Java class that you have created in advance, which is strongly typed. Custom Java classes used for collections are referred to as custom collection classes. A custom collection class must implement the Oracle oracle.sql.ORAData interface. In addition, the custom class or a companion class must implement oracle.sql.ORADataFactory. The standard java.sql.SQLData interface is for mapping SQL object types only.

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class implements the standard java.sql.Array interface.

The ARRAY class includes functionality to retrieve the array as a whole, retrieve a subset of the array elements, and retrieve the SQL base type name of the array elements. However, you cannot write to the array, because there are no setter methods.

Custom collection classes, as with the ARRAY class, enable you to retrieve all or part of the array and get the SQL base type name. They also have the advantage of being strongly typed, which can help you find coding errors during compilation that might not otherwise be discovered until run time.

Furthermore, custom collection classes produced by JPublisher offer the feature of being writable, with individually accessible elements.


Note:

There is no difference in the code between accessing VARRAYs and accessing nested tables. ARRAY class methods can determine if they are being applied to a VARRAY or nested table, and respond by taking the appropriate actions.


See Also:

For more information about custom collection classes, see "Custom Collection Classes with JPublisher".

18.1.2 Creating Collections

Because Oracle supports only named collections, you must declare a particular VARRAY type name or nested table type name. VARRAY and nested table are not types themselves, but categories of types.

A SQL type name is assigned to a collection when you create it using the SQL CREATE TYPE statement:

CREATE TYPE <sql_type_name> AS <datatype>;

A VARRAY is an array of varying size. It has an ordered set of data elements, and all the elements are of the same data type. Each element has an index, which is a number corresponding to the position of the element in the VARRAY. The number of elements in a VARRAY is the size of the VARRAY. You must specify a maximum size when you declare the VARRAY type. For example:

CREATE TYPE myNumType AS VARRAY(10) OF NUMBER;

This statement defines myNumType as a SQL type name that describes a VARRAY of NUMBER values that can contain no more than 10 elements.

A nested table is an unordered set of data elements, all of the same data type. The database stores a nested table in a separate table which has a single column, and the type of that column is a built-in type or an object type. If the table is an object type, then it can also be viewed as a multi-column table, with a column for each attribute of the object type. You can create a nested table as follows:

CREATE TYPE myNumList AS TABLE OF integer;

This statement identifies myNumList as a SQL type name that defines the table type used for the nested tables of the type INTEGER.

18.1.3 Creating Multilevel Collection Types

The most common way to create a new multilevel collection type in JDBC is to pass the SQL CREATE TYPE statement to the execute method of the java.sql.Statement class. The following code creates a one-level nested table, first_level, and a two- levels nested table, second_level:

Connection conn = ....                            // make a database
                                                  // connection 
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();          // open a database
                                                  // cursor 
stmt.execute("CREATE TYPE first_level AS TABLE OF NUMBER");  // create a nested
                                                  // table of number 
stmt.execute("CREATE second_level AS TABLE OF first_level"); // create a
           // two-levels nested table
...        // other operations here
stmt.close();                                     // release the
                                                  // resource 
conn.close();                                     // close the
                                                  // database connection

Once the multilevel collection types have been created, they can be used as both columns of a base table as well as attributes of a object type.


Note:

Multilevel collection types are available only for Oracle9i and later.

18.2 Overview of Collection Functionality

You can obtain collection data in an array instance through a result set or callable statement and pass it back as a bind variable in a prepared statement or callable statement.

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class, which implements the standard java.sql.Array interface, provides the necessary functionality to access and update the data of an Oracle collection.

This section covers the following topics:

18.2.1 Array Getter and Setter Methods

Use the following result set, callable statement, and prepared statement methods to retrieve and pass collections as Java arrays.

Result Set and Callable Statement Getter Methods

The OracleResultSet and OracleCallableStatement classes support getARRAY and getArray methods to retrieve ARRAY objects as output parameters, either as oracle.sql.ARRAY instances or java.sql.Array instances. You can also use the getObject method. These methods take as input a String column name or int column index.


Note:

The Oracle JDBC drivers cache array and structure descriptors. This provides enormous performance benefits; however, it means that if you change the underlying type definition of an array type in the database, the cached descriptor for that array type will become stale and your application will receive a SQLException.

Prepared and Callable Statement Setter Methods

The OraclePreparedStatement and OracleCallableStatement classes support setARRAY and setArray methods to take updated ARRAY objects as bind variables and pass them to the database. You can also use the setObject method. These methods take as input a String parameter name or int parameter index as well as an oracle.sql.ARRAY instance or a java.sql.Array instance.

18.2.2 ARRAY Descriptors and ARRAY Class Functionality

The section introduces ARRAY descriptors and lists methods of the ARRAY class to provide an overview of its functionality.

ARRAY Descriptors

Creating and using an ARRAY object requires the existence of a descriptor, that is, an instance of the oracle.sql.ArrayDescriptor class, to exist for the SQL type of the collection being materialized in the array. You need only one ArrayDescriptor object for any number of ARRAY objects that correspond to the same SQL type.

ARRAY Class Methods

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class includes the following methods:

  • getDescriptor

    Returns the ArrayDescriptor object that describes the array type.

  • getArray

    Retrieves the contents of the array in default JDBC types. If it retrieves an array of objects, then getArray uses the default type map of the database connection object to determine the types.

  • getOracleArray

    Is identical to getArray, but retrieves the elements in oracle.sql.* format.

  • getBaseType

    Returns the SQL type code for the array elements.

  • getBaseTypeName

    Returns the SQL type name of the elements of this array.

  • getSQLTypeName

    Returns the fully qualified SQL type name of the array as a whole. This method is an Oracle extension.

  • getResultSet

    Materializes the array elements as a result set.

  • getJavaSQLConnection

    Returns the connection instance associated with this array.

  • length

    Returns the number of elements in the array.


    Note:

    As an example of the difference between getBaseTypeName and getSQLTypeName, if you define ARRAY_OF_PERSON as the array type for an array of PERSON objects in the SCOTT schema, then getBaseTypeName would return SCOTT.PERSON and getSQLTypeName would return SCOTT.ARRAY_OF_PERSON.

18.3 ARRAY Performance Extension Methods

This section discusses the following topics:

18.3.1 Accessing oracle.sql.ARRAY Elements as Arrays of Java Primitive Types

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class contains methods that return array elements as Java primitive types. These methods allow you to access collection elements more efficiently than accessing them as Datum instances and then converting each Datum instance to its Java primitive value.


Note:

These specialized methods of the oracle.sql.ARRAY class are restricted to numeric collections.

Here are the methods:

  • public int[] getIntArray() throws SQLException

    public int[] getIntArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException

  • public long[] getLongArray() throws SQLException

    public long[] getLongArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException

  • public float[] getFloatArray() throws SQLException

    public float[] getFloatArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException

  • public double[] getDoubleArray() throws SQLException

    public double[] getDoubleArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException

  • public short[] getShortArray() throws SQLException

    public short[] getShortArray(long index, int count) throws SQLException

Each method using the first signature returns collection elements as an XXX[], where XXX is a Java primitive type. Each method using the second signature returns a slice of the collection containing the number of elements specified by count, starting at the index location.

18.3.2 ARRAY Automatic Element Buffering

The Oracle JDBC driver provides public methods to enable and disable buffering of ARRAY contents.

The following methods are included with the oracle.sql.ARRAY class:

  • public void setAutoBuffering(boolean enable)

  • public boolean getAutoBuffering()

The setAutoBuffering method enables or disables auto-buffering. The getAutoBuffering() method returns the current auto-buffering mode. By default, auto-buffering is disabled.

It is advisable to enable auto-buffering in a JDBC application when the ARRAY elements will be accessed more than once by the getAttributes and getArray methods, presuming the ARRAY data is able to fit into the Java virtual machine (JVM) memory without overflow.


Important:

Buffering the converted elements may cause the JDBC application to consume a significant amount of memory.

When you enable auto-buffering, the oracle.sql.ARRAY object keeps a local copy of all the converted elements. This data is retained so that a second access of this information does not require going through the data format conversion process.

18.3.3 ARRAY Automatic Indexing

If an array is in auto-indexing mode, then the array object maintains an index table to hasten array element access.

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class contains the following methods to support automatic array-indexing:

  • public synchronized void setAutoIndexing(boolean enable, int direction) throws SQLException

  • public synchronized void setAutoIndexing(boolean enable) throws SQLException

The setAutoIndexing method sets the auto-indexing mode for the oracle.sql.ARRAY object. The direction parameter gives the array object a hint. Specify this parameter to help the JDBC driver determine the best indexing scheme. The following are the values you can specify for the direction parameter:

  • ARRAY.ACCESS_FORWARD

  • ARRAY.ACCESS_REVERSE

  • ARRAY.ACCESS_UNKNOWN

The setAutoIndexing(boolean) method signature sets the access direction as ARRAY.ACCESS_UNKNOWN by default.

By default, auto-indexing is not enabled. For a JDBC application, enable auto-indexing for ARRAY objects if random access of array elements may occur through the getArray and getResultSet methods.

18.4 Creating and Using Arrays

This section discusses how to create array objects and how to retrieve and pass collections as array objects, including the following topics.

18.4.1 Creating ARRAY Objects and Descriptors

This section describes how to create ARRAY objects and descriptors and lists useful methods of the ArrayDescriptor class. This section covers the following topics:

Steps in Creating ArrayDescriptor and ARRAY Objects

This section describes how to construct an oracle.sql.ARRAY object. To do this, you must:

  1. Create an ArrayDescriptor object for the array, if one does not already exist.

  2. Use the ArrayDescriptor object to construct the oracle.sql.ARRAY object for the array you want to pass.

An ArrayDescriptor is an object of the oracle.sql.ArrayDescriptor class and describes the SQL type of an array. Only one array descriptor is necessary for any one SQL type. The driver caches ArrayDescriptor objects to avoid re-creating them if the SQL type has already been encountered. You can reuse the same descriptor object to create multiple instances of an oracle.sql.ARRAY object for the same array type.

Collections are strongly typed. Oracle supports only named collections, that is, a collection given a SQL type name. For example, you create a collection with the CREATE TYPE statement, as follows:

CREATE TYPE num_varray AS varray(22) OF NUMBER(5,2);

num_varray is the SQL type name for the collection type.


Note:

The name of the collection type is not the same as the type name of the elements. For example:
CREATE TYPE person AS object 
            (c1 NUMBER(5), c2 VARCHAR2(30)); 
CREATE TYPE array_of_persons AS varray(10)
            OF person; 

In the preceding statements, the SQL name of the collection type is ARRAY_OF_PERSON. The SQL name of the collection elements is PERSON.


Before you can construct an Array object, an ArrayDescriptor must first exist for the given SQL type of the array. If an ArrayDescriptor does not exist, then you must construct one by passing the SQL type name of the collection type and your Connection object, which JDBC uses to connect to the database to gather meta data, to the constructor.

ArrayDescriptor arraydesc = ArrayDescriptor.createDescriptor
                                           (sql_type_name, connection);

sql_type_name is the type name of the array and connection is your Connection object.

Once you have your ArrayDescriptor object for the SQL type of the array, you can construct the ARRAY object. To do this, pass in the array descriptor, your connection object, and a Java object containing the individual elements you want the array to contain.

ARRAY array = new ARRAY(arraydesc, connection, elements);

arraydesc is the array descriptor created previously, connection is your connection object, and elements is a Java array. The two possibilities for the contents of elements are:

  • An array of Java primitives. For example, int[].

  • An array of Java objects, such as xxx[], where xxx is the name of a Java class. For example, Integer[].


    Note:

    The setARRAY, setArray, and setObject methods of the OraclePreparedStatement class take an object of the type oracle.sql.ARRAY as an argument, not an array of objects.

Creating Multilevel Collections

As with single-level collections, the JDBC application can create an oracle.sql.ARRAY instance to represent a multilevel collection, and then send the instance to the database. The oracle.sql.ARRAY constructor is defined as follows:

public ARRAY(ArrayDescriptor type, Connection conn, Object elements) 
throws SQLException

The first argument is an oracle.sql.ArrayDescriptor object that describes the multilevel collection type. The second argument is the current database connection. And the third argument is a java.lang.Object that holds the multilevel collection elements. This is the same constructor used to create single-level collections, but can create multilevel collections as well. The elements parameter can now be either a one dimension array or a nested Java array.

To create a single-level collection, the elements are a one dimensional Java array. To create a multilevel collection, the elements can be either an array of oracle.sql.ARRAY[] elements or a nested Java array or the combinations.

The following code shows how to create collection types with a nested Java array:

Connection conn = ...;          // make a JDBC connection 

// create the collection types 
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement (); 
stmt.execute ("CREATE TYPE varray1 AS VARRAY(10) OF NUMBER(12, 2)"); // one
                                                                     // layer 
stmt.execute ("CREATE TYPE varray2 AS VARRAY(10) OF varray1"); // two layers 
stmt.execute ("CREATE TYPE varray3 AS VARRAY(10) OF varray2"); // three layers 
stmt.execute ("CREATE TABLE tab2 (col1 index, col2 value)"); 
stmt.close (); 

// obtain a type descriptor of "SCOTT.VARRAY3" 
ArrayDescriptor desc = ArrayDescriptor.createDescriptor("SCOTT.VARRAY3", conn); 

// prepare the multi level collection elements as a nested Java array 
int[][][] elems = { {{1}, {1, 2}}, {{2}, {2, 3}}, {{3}, {3, 4}} }; 

// create the ARRAY by calling the constructor 
ARRAY array3 = new ARRAY (desc, conn, elems); 

// some operations 
... 

// close the database connection 
conn.close();

In the preceding example, another implementation is to prepare the elems as a Java array of oracle.sql.ARRAY[] elements, and each oracle.sql.ARRAY[] element represents a SCOTT.VARRAY3.

Using ArrayDescriptor Methods

An ARRAY descriptor can be referred to as a type object. It has information about the SQL name of the underlying collection, the type code of the array elements, and if it is an array of structured objects, then the SQL name of the elements. The descriptor also contains the information about converting to and from the given type. You need only one descriptor object for any one type, then you can use that descriptor to create as many arrays of that type as you want.

The ArrayDescriptor class has the following methods for retrieving the type code and type name of an element:

  • createDescriptor

    Is a factory for ArrayDescriptor instances. It looks up the name in the database and determine the characteristics of the array.

  • getBaseType

    Returns the integer type code associated with this ARRAY descriptor.

  • getBaseName

    Returns a string with the type name associated with this array element if it is a STRUCT or REF.

  • getArrayType

    Returns an integer indicating whether the array is a VARRAY or nested table. ArrayDescriptor.TYPE_VARRAY and ArrayDescriptor.TYPE_NESTED_TABLE are the possible return values.

  • getMaxLength

    Returns the maximum number of elements for this array type.

  • getJavaSQLConnection

    Returns the connection instance that was used in creating the ARRAY descriptor.


    Note:

    In releases prior to Oracle9i Database, you could not use a collection within a collection. You could, however, use a structured object with a collection attribute, or a collection with structured object elements. In Oracle9i Database and later releases, you can use a collection within a collection.

Serializable ARRAY Descriptors

When you create an ARRAY object, you first must create an ArrayDescriptor object. Create the ArrayDescriptor object by calling the ArrayDescriptor.createDescriptor method. The oracle.sql.ArrayDescriptor class is serializable, meaning that you can write the state of an ArrayDescriptor object to an output stream for later use. Re-create the ArrayDescriptor object by reading its serialized state from an input stream. This is referred to as deserializing. With the ArrayDescriptor object serialized, you do not need to call the createDescriptor method, simply deserialize the ArrayDescriptor object.

It is advisable to serialize an ArrayDescriptor object when the object type is complex but not changed often.

If you create an ArrayDescriptor object through deserialization, then you must provide the appropriate database connection instance for the ArrayDescriptor object using the setConnection method.

The following code furnishes the connection instance for an ArrayDescriptor object:

public void setConnection (Connection conn) throws SQLException 

Note:

The JDBC driver does not verify that the connection object from the setConnection method connects to the same database from which the type descriptor was initially derived.

18.4.2 Retrieving an Array and Its Elements

This section first discusses how to retrieve an ARRAY instance as a whole from a result set, and then how to retrieve the elements from the ARRAY instance. This section covers the following topics:

18.4.2.1 Retrieving the Array

You can retrieve a SQL array from a result set by casting the result set to OracleResultSet and using the getARRAY method, which returns an oracle.sql.ARRAY object. If you want to avoid casting the result set, then you can get the data with the standard getObject method specified by the java.sql.ResultSet interface and cast the output to oracle.sql.ARRAY.

18.4.2.2 Data Retrieval Methods

Once you have an ARRAY object, you can retrieve the data using one of these three overloaded methods of the oracle.sql.ARRAY class:

  • getArray

  • getOracleArray

  • getResultSet

Oracle also provides methods that enable you to retrieve all the elements of an array, or a subset.


Note:

In case you are working with an array of structured objects, Oracle provides versions of these three methods that enable you to specify a type map so that you can choose how to map the objects to Java.

getOracleArray

The getOracleArray method is an Oracle-specific extension that is not specified in the standard Array interface. The getOracleArray method retrieves the element values of the array into a Datum[] array. The elements are of the oracle.sql.* data type corresponding to the SQL type of the data in the original array.

For an array of structured objects, this method will use oracle.sql.STRUCT instances for the elements.

Oracle also provides a getOracleArray(index,count) method to get a subset of the array elements.

getResultSet

The getResultSet method returns a result set that contains elements of the array designated by the ARRAY object. The result set contains one row for each array element, with two columns in each row. The first column stores the index into the array for that element, and the second column stores the element value. In the case of VARRAYs, the index represents the position of the element in the array. In the case of nested tables, which are by definition unordered, the index reflects only the return order of the elements in the particular query.

Oracle recommends using getResultSet when getting data from nested tables. Nested tables can have an unlimited number of elements. The ResultSet object returned by the method initially points at the first row of data. You get the contents of the nested table by using the next method and the appropriate getXXX method. In contrast, getArray returns the entire contents of the nested table at one time.

The getResultSet method uses the default type map of the connection to determine the mapping between the SQL type of the Oracle object and its corresponding Java data type. If you do not want to use the default type map of the connection, another version of the method, getResultSet(map), enables you to specify an alternate type map.

Oracle also provides the getResultSet(index,count) and getResultSet(index,count,map) methods to retrieve a subset of the array elements.

getArray

The getArray method is a standard JDBC method that returns the array elements as a java.lang.Object, which you can cast as appropriate. The elements are converted to the Java types corresponding to the SQL type of the data in the original array.

Oracle also provides a getArray(index,count) method to retrieve a subset of the array elements.

18.4.2.3 Comparing the Data Retrieval Methods

If you use getOracleArray to return the array elements, then the use by that method of oracle.sql.Datum instances avoids the expense of data conversion from SQL to Java. The non-character data inside the instance of a Datum class or any of its subclass remains in raw SQL format.

If you use getResultSet to return an array of primitive data types, then the JDBC driver returns a ResultSet object that contains, for each element, the index into the array for the element and the element value. For example:

ResultSet rset = intArray.getResultSet();

In this case, the result set contains one row for each array element, with two columns in each row. The first column stores the index into the array and the second column stores the element value.

If the elements of an array are of a SQL type that maps to a Java type, then getArray returns an array of elements of this Java type. The return type of the getArray method is java.lang.Object. Therefore, the result must be cast before it can be used.

BigDecimal[] values = (BigDecimal[]) intArray.getArray();

Here intArray is an oracle.sql.ARRAY, corresponding to a VARRAY of type NUMBER. The values array contains an array of elements of type java.math.BigDecimal, because the SQL NUMBER data type maps to Java BigDecimal, by default, according to the Oracle JDBC drivers.


Note:

Using BigDecimal is a resource-intensive operation in Java. Because Oracle JDBC maps numeric SQL data to BigDecimal by default, using getArray may impact performance, and is not recommended for numeric collections.

18.4.2.4 Retrieving Elements of a Structured Object Array According to a Type Map

By default, if you are working with an array whose elements are structured objects, and you use getArray or getResultSet, then the Oracle objects in the array will be mapped to their corresponding Java data types according to the default mapping. This is because these methods use the default type map of the connection to determine the mapping.

However, if you do not want default behavior, then you can use the getArray(map) or getResultSet(map) method to specify a type map that contains alternate mappings. If there are entries in the type map corresponding to the Oracle objects in the array, then each object in the array is mapped to the corresponding Java type specified in the type map. For example:

Object[] object = (Object[])objArray.getArray(map);

Where objArray is an oracle.sql.ARRAY object and map is a java.util.Map object.

If the type map does not contain an entry for a particular Oracle object, then the element is returned as an oracle.sql.STRUCT object.

The getResultSet(map) method behaves similarly to the getArray(map) method.

18.4.2.5 Retrieving a Subset of Array Elements

If you do not want to retrieve the entire contents of an array, then you can use signatures of getArray, getResultSet, and getOracleArray that let you retrieve a subset. To retrieve a subset of the array, pass in an index and a count to indicate where in the array you want to start and how many elements you want to retrieve. As previously described, you can specify a type map or use the default type map for your connection to convert to Java types. For example:

Object object = arr.getArray(index, count, map);
Object object = arr.getArray(index, count);

Similar examples using getResultSet are:

ResultSet rset = arr.getResultSet(index, count, map);
ResultSet rset = arr.getResultSet(index, count);

A similar example using getOracleArray is:

Datum[] arr = arr.getOracleArray(index, count);

Where arr is an oracle.sql.ARRAY object, index is type long, count is type int, and map is a java.util.Map object.


Note:

There is no performance advantage in retrieving a subset of an array, as opposed to the entire array.

18.4.2.6 Retrieving Array Elements into an oracle.sql.Datum Array

Use getOracleArray to return an oracle.sql.Datum[] array. The elements of the returned array will be of the oracle.sql.* type that correspond to the SQL data type of the elements of the original array. For example:

Datum arraydata[] = arr.getOracleArray();

arr is an oracle.sql.ARRAY object.

The following example assumes that a connection object conn and a statement object stmt have already been created. In the example, an array with the SQL type name NUM_ARRAY is created to store a VARRAY of NUMBER data. The NUM_ARRAY is in turn stored in a table VARRAY_TABLE.

A query selects the contents of the VARRAY_TABLE. The result set is cast to OracleResultSet; getARRAY is applied to it to retrieve the array data into my_array, which is an oracle.sql.ARRAY object.

Because my_array is of type oracle.sql.ARRAY, you can apply the methods getSQLTypeName and getBaseType to it to return the name of the SQL type of each element in the array and its integer code.

The program then prints the contents of the array. Because the contents of NUM_ARRAY are of the SQL data type NUMBER, the elements of my_array are of the type, BigDecimal. Before you can use the elements, they must first be cast to BigDecimal. In the for loop, the individual values of the array are cast to BigDecimal and printed to standard output.

stmt.execute ("CREATE TYPE num_varray AS VARRAY(10) OF NUMBER(12, 2)");
stmt.execute ("CREATE TABLE varray_table (col1 num_varray)");
stmt.execute ("INSERT INTO varray_table VALUES (num_varray(100, 200))");

ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM varray_table");
ARRAY my_array = ((OracleResultSet)rs).getARRAY(1);

// return the SQL type names, integer codes, 
// and lengths of the columns
System.out.println ("Array is of type " + array.getSQLTypeName());
System.out.println ("Array element is of type code " + array.getBaseType());
System.out.println ("Array is of length " + array.length());

// get Array elements 
BigDecimal[] values = (BigDecimal[]) my_array.getArray();

for (int i=0; i<values.length; i++) 
{
   BigDecimal out_value = (BigDecimal) values[i];
   System.out.println(">> index " + i + " = " + out_value.intValue());
}

Note that if you use getResultSet to obtain the array, then you must would first get the result set object, and then use the next method to iterate through it. Notice the use of the parameter indexes in the getInt method to retrieve the element index and the element value.

ResultSet rset = my_array.getResultSet();
while (rset.next())
{
    // The first column contains the element index and the 
    // second column contains the element value
    System.out.println(">> index " + rset.getInt(1)+" = " + rset.getInt(2));
}

18.4.2.7 Accessing Multilevel Collection Elements

The oracle.sql.ARRAY class provides three methods, which are overloaded, to access collection elements. The JDBC drivers extend these methods to support multilevel collections. These methods are:

  • getArray method

  • getOracleArray method

  • getResultSet method

The getArray method returns a Java array that holds the collection elements. The array element type is determined by the collection element type and the JDBC default conversion matrix.

For example, the getArray method returns a java.math.BigDecimal array for collection of SQL NUMBER. The getOracleArray method returns a Datum array that holds the collection elements in Datum format. For multilevel collections, the getArray and getOracleArray methods both return a Java array of oracle.sql.ARRAY elements.

The getResultSet method returns a ResultSet object that wraps the multilevel collection elements. For multilevel collections, the JDBC applications use the getObject, getARRAY, or getArray method of the ResultSet class to access the collection elements as instances of oracle.sql.ARRAY.

The following code shows how to use the getOracleArray, getArray, and getResultSet methods:

Connection conn = ...;          // make a JDBC connection 
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement (); 
ResultSet rset = stmt.executeQuery ("select col2 from tab2 where idx=1"); 

while (rset.next()) 
{ 
  ARRAY varray3 = (ARRAY) rset.getObject (1); 
  Object varrayElems = varray3.getArray (1);  
// access array elements of "varray3" 
  Datum[] varray3Elems = (Datum[]) varrayElems; 

  for (int i=0; i<varray3Elems.length; i++) 
  { 
    ARRAY varray2 = (ARRAY) varray3Elems[i]; 
    Datum[] varray2Elems = varray2.getOracleArray(); 
    // access array elements of  "varray2" 

    for (int j=0; j<varray2Elems.length; j++) 
    { 
      ARRAY varray1 = (ARRAY) varray2Elems[j]; 
      ResultSet varray1Elems = varray1.getResultSet(); 
      // access array elements   of "varray1" 

      while (varray1Elems.next()) 
        System.out.println ("idx="+varray1Elems.getInt(1)+"
          value="+varray1Elems.getInt(2)); 
    } 
  } 
} 
rset.close (); 
stmt.close (); 
conn.close (); 

18.4.3 Passing Arrays to Statement Objects

This section discusses how to pass arrays to prepared statement objects or callable statement objects.

Passing an Array to a Prepared Statement

Pass an array to a prepared statement as follows.


Note:

you can use arrays as either IN or OUT bind variables.

  1. Construct an ArrayDescriptor object for the SQL type that the array will contain, as follows:

    ArrayDescriptor descriptor = ArrayDescriptor.createDescriptor
                                       (sql_type_name, connection);
    
    

    sql_type_name is a Java string specifying the user-defined SQL type name of the array and connection is your Connection object.

  2. Define the array that you want to pass to the prepared statement as an oracle.sql.ARRAY object.

    ARRAY array = new ARRAY(descriptor, connection, elements);
    
    

    descriptor is the ArrayDescriptor object previously constructed and elements is a java.lang.Object containing a Java array of the elements.

  3. Create a java.sql.PreparedStatement object containing the SQL statement to be run.

  4. Cast your prepared statement to OraclePreparedStatement, and use setARRAY to pass the array to the prepared statement.

    (OraclePreparedStatement)stmt.setARRAY(parameterIndex, array);
    
    

    parameterIndex is the parameter index and array is the oracle.sql.ARRAY object you constructed previously.

  5. Run the prepared statement.

Passing an Array to a Callable Statement

To retrieve a collection as an OUT parameter in PL/SQL blocks, perform the following to register the bind type for your OUT parameter.

  1. Cast your callable statement to OracleCallableStatement, as follows:

    OracleCallableStatement ocs = (OracleCallableStatement)conn.prepareCall("{? = call func()}");
    
    
  2. Register the OUT parameter with the following form of the registerOutParameter method:

    ocs.registerOutParameter
            (int param_index, int sql_type, string sql_type_name);
    
    

    param_index is the parameter index, sql_type is the SQL type code, and sql_type_name is the name of the array type. In this case, the sql_type is OracleTypes.ARRAY.

  3. Run the call, as follows:

    ocs.execute();
    
    
  4. Get the value, as follows:

    oracle.sql.ARRAY array = ocs.getARRAY(1);
    

18.5 Using a Type Map to Map Array Elements

If your array contains Oracle objects, then you can use a type map to associate the objects in the array with the corresponding Java class. If you do not specify a type map, or if the type map does not contain an entry for a particular Oracle object, then each element is returned as an oracle.sql.STRUCT object.

If you want the type map to determine the mapping between the Oracle objects in the array and their associated Java classes, then you must add an appropriate entry to the map.

The following example illustrates how you can use a type map to map the elements of an array to a custom Java object class. In this case, the array is a nested table. The example begins by defining an EMPLOYEE object that has a name attribute and employee number attribute. EMPLOYEE_LIST is a nested table type of EMPLOYEE objects. Then an EMPLOYEE_TABLE is created to store the names of departments within a corporation and the employees associated with each department. In the EMPLOYEE_TABLE, the employees are stored in the form of EMPLOYEE_LIST tables.

stmt.execute("CREATE TYPE EMPLOYEE AS OBJECT
            (EmpName VARCHAR2(50),EmpNo INTEGER))");

stmt.execute("CREATE TYPE EMPLOYEE_LIST AS TABLE OF EMPLOYEE");

stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE EMPLOYEE_TABLE (DeptName VARCHAR2(20), 
     Employees EMPLOYEE_LIST) NESTED TABLE Employees STORE AS ntable1");

stmt.execute("INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE_TABLE VALUES ("SALES", EMPLOYEE_LIST
            (EMPLOYEE('Susan Smith', 123), EMPLOYEE('Scott Tiger', 124)))");

If you want to retrieve all the employees belonging to the SALES department into an array of instances of the custom object class EmployeeObj, then you must add an entry to the type map to specify mapping between the EMPLOYEE SQL type and the EmployeeObj custom object class.

To do this, first create your statement and result set objects, then select the EMPLOYEE_LIST associated with the SALES department into the result set. Cast the result set to OracleResultSet so you can use the getARRAY method to retrieve the EMPLOYEE_LIST into an ARRAY object (employeeArray in the following example).

The EmployeeObj custom object class in this example implements the SQLData interface.

Statement s = conn.createStatement();
OracleResultSet rs = (OracleResultSet)s.executeQuery
       ("SELECT Employees FROM employee_table WHERE DeptName = 'SALES'");

// get the array object 
ARRAY employeeArray = ((OracleResultSet)rs).getARRAY(1);

Now that you have the EMPLOYEE_LIST object, get the existing type map and add an entry that maps the EMPLOYEE SQL type to the EmployeeObj Java type.

// add type map entry to map SQL type 
// "EMPLOYEE" to Java type "EmployeeObj" 
Map map = conn.getTypeMap();
map.put("EMPLOYEE", Class.forName("EmployeeObj"));

Next, retrieve the SQL EMPLOYEE objects from the EMPLOYEE_LIST. To do this, call the getArray method of the employeeArray array object. This method returns an array of objects. The getArray method returns the EMPLOYEE objects into the employees object array.

// Retrieve array elements 
Object[] employees = (Object[]) employeeArray.getArray();

Finally, create a loop to assign each of the EMPLOYEE SQL objects to the EmployeeObj Java object emp.

// Each array element is mapped to EmployeeObj object.
for (int i=0; i<employees.length; i++)
{
   EmployeeObj emp = (EmployeeObj) employees[i];
   ...
}

18.6 Custom Collection Classes with JPublisher

This chapter primarily describes the functionality of the oracle.sql.ARRAY class, but it is also possible to access Oracle collections through custom Java classes or, more specifically, custom collection classes.

You can create custom collection classes yourself, but the most convenient way is to use the Oracle JPublisher utility. Custom collection classes generated by JPublisher offer all the functionality described earlier in this chapter, as well as the following advantages:

A custom collection class must satisfy three requirements:

A JPublisher-generated custom collection class implements ORAData and ORADataFactory and indirectly includes an oracle.sql.ARRAY attribute. The custom collection class will have an oracle.jpub.runtime.MutableArray attribute. The MutableArray class has an oracle.sql.ARRAY attribute.


Note:

When you use JPublisher to create a custom collection class, you must use the ORAData implementation. This will be true if the JPublisher -usertypes mapping option is set to oracle, which is the default.

You cannot use a SQLData implementation for a custom collection class. Setting the -usertypes mapping option to jdbc is invalid.


As an example of custom collection classes being strongly typed, if you define an Oracle collection MYVARRAY, then JPublisher can generate a MyVarray custom collection class. Using MyVarray instances, instead of generic oracle.sql.ARRAY instances, makes it easier to catch errors during compilation instead of at run time. For example, if you accidentally assign some other kind of array into a MyVarray variable.

If you do not use custom collection classes, then you would use standard java.sql.Array instances, or oracle.sql.ARRAY instances, to map to your collections.