4 Using Oracle SecureFiles

Parameters for CREATE TABLE With SECUREFILE LOBs

A SecureFile can only be created in an automatic segment space management (ASSM) tablespace. The following parameter descriptions apply to the LOB storage paradigm using parameter SECUREFILE.

The new LOB features need new storage parameters. All the new parameters are described after the following BNF of CREATE TABLE.

CREATE [ GLOBAL TEMPORARY ] TABLE
   [ schema.]table OF
   [ schema.]object_type
   [ ( relational_properties ) ]
   [ ON COMMIT { DELETE | PRESERVE } ROWS ]
   [ OID_clause ]
   [ OID_index_clause ]
   [ physical_properties ]
   [ table_properties ] ;
 
<relational_properties> ::= 
{ column_definition
| { out_of_line_constraint
  | out_of_line_ref_constraint
  | supplemental_logging_props
  }
}
  [, { column_definition
     | { out_of_line_constraint
       | out_of_line_ref_constraint
       | supplemental_logging_props
       }
  ]...
 
<column_definition> ::= 
column data_type [ SORT ]
      [ DEFAULT expr ]
      [ ENCRYPT encryption_spec ]
      [ ( inline_constraint [ inline_constraint ] ... )
      | inline_ref_constraint 
      ]
 
<data_type> ::=
{ Oracle_built_in_datatypes
| ANSI_supported_datatypes
| user_defined_types
| Oracle_supplied_types
}
 
<Oracle_built_in_datatypes> ::=
{ character_datatypes
| number_datatypes
| long_and_raw_datatypes
| datetime_datatypes
| large_object_datatypes
| rowid_datatypes
}
 
<large_object_datatypes> ::= 
{ BLOB | CLOB | NCLOB| BFILE }
 
 <table_properties> ::=
  [ column_properties ]
  [ table_partitioning_clauses ]
  [ CACHE | NOCACHE ]
  [ parallel_clause ]
  [ ROWDEPENDENCIES | NOROWDEPENDENCIES ]
  [ enable_disable_clause ]
  [ enable_disable_clause ]...
  [ row_movement_clause ]
  [ AS subquery ]
 
<column_properties> ::=
  { object_type_col_properties
  | nested_table_col_properties
  | { varray_col_properties | LOB_storage_clause }
    [ (LOB_partition_storage
        [, LOB_partition_storage ]...
      )
    ]
  | XMLType_column_properties
  }
  [ { object_type_col_properties
    | nested_table_col_properties
    | { varray_col_properties | LOB_storage_clause }
      [ ( LOB_partition_storage
          [, LOB_partition_storage ]...
        )
      ]
    | XMLType_column_properties
    }
  ]...
 
<LOB_partition_storage> ::=
  PARTITION partition
  { LOB_storage_clause | varray_col_properties }
    [ LOB_storage_clause | varray_col_properties ]...
  [ ( SUBPARTITION subpartition
     { LOB_storage_clause | varray_col_properties }
       [ LOB_storage_clause
       | varray_col_properties
       ]...
    )
  ]
 
<LOB_storage_clause> ::=
  LOB
  { (LOB_item [, LOB_item ]...)
      STORE AS [ SECUREFILE | BASICFILE ] (LOB_storage_parameters)
  | (LOB_item)
      STORE AS [ SECUREFILE | BASICFILE ]
        { LOB_segname (LOB_storage_parameters)
        | LOB_segname
        | (LOB_storage_parameters)
        }
  }
 
<LOB_storage_parameters> ::=
  { TABLESPACE tablespace
  | { LOB_parameters [ storage_clause ]
    }
  | storage_clause
  }
    [ TABLESPACE tablespace
    | { LOB_parameters [ storage_clause ]
      }
    ]...
 
<LOB_parameters> ::=
  [ { ENABLE | DISABLE } STORAGE IN ROW
  | CHUNK integer
  | PCTVERSION integer
  | RETENTION [ { MAX | MIN integer | AUTO | NONE } ]
  | FREEPOOLS integer
  | LOB_deduplicate_clause
  | LOB_compression_clause
  | LOB_encryption_clause
  | { CACHE | { { NOCACHE | CACHE READS } [ logging_clause ] } }
  ]
 
<logging_clause> ::=
  { LOGGING | NOLOGGING | FILESYSTEM_LIKE_LOGGING }
 
<storage_clause> ::=
  STORAGE
  ({ INITIAL integer [ K | M ]
   | NEXT integer [ K | M ]
   | MINEXTENTS integer
   | MAXEXTENTS { integer | UNLIMITED }
   | PCTINCREASE integer
   | FREELISTS integer
   | FREELIST GROUPS integer
   | OPTIMAL [ integer [ K | M ]
             | NULL
             ]
   | BUFFER_POOL { KEEP | RECYCLE | DEFAULT }
   }
     [ INITIAL integer [ K | M ]
     | NEXT integer [ K | M ]
     | MINEXTENTS integer
     | MAXEXTENTS { integer | UNLIMITED }
     | MAXSIZE { { integer { K | M | G | T | P } } | UNLIMITED }
     | PCTINCREASE integer
     | FREELISTS integer
     | FREELIST GROUPS integer
     | OPTIMAL [ integer [ K | M ]
               | NULL
               ]
     | BUFFER_POOL { KEEP | RECYCLE | DEFAULT }
     ]...
  )
 
<LOB_deduplicate_clause> ::=
  { DEDUPLICATE 
  | KEEP_DUPLICATES
  }
 
<LOB_compression_clause> ::=
  { COMPRESS [ HIGH | MEDIUM ]
  | NOCOMPRESS }
 
<LOB_encryption_clause> ::=
  { ENCRYPT [ USING 'encrypt_algorithm' ] 
    [ IDENTIFIED BY password ]
  | DECRYPT 
  }
 
<XMLType_column_properties> ::= 
XMLTYPE [ COLUMN ] column
   [ XMLType_storage ]
   [ XMLSchema_spec ]
 
<XMLType_storage> ::=
STORE AS
   { OBJECT RELATIONAL
   | [ SECUREFILE | BASICFILE ] { CLOB | BINARY XML }
       [ { LOB_segname [ (LOB_parameters) ]
         | LOB_parameters
         }
         ]
 
<varray_col_properties> ::=
VARRAY varray_item 
   { [ substitutable_column_clause ]
     STORE AS [ SECUREFILE | BASICFILE ] LOB
        { [ LOB_segname ] (LOB_parameters)
        | LOB_segname 
        }
   | substitutable_column_clause
   }

Where:

CREATE TABLE Usage Notes for Deduplication

• Identical LOBs are good candidates for deduplication. Copy operations can avoid data duplication by enabling deduplication.

• Duplicate detection happens within a LOB segment. For partitioned and subpartitioned LOB columns duplicate detection does not span partitions or subpartitions.

• Deduplication can be specified at a partition level. The lob_storage_clause allows specification for partitioned tables on a per-partition basis.

• Deduplication is applicable only to SecureFiles.

• DBMS_LOB.SETOPTIONS can be used to enable or disable deduplication on individual LOBs.

CREATE TABLE Examples for Deduplication

Create a table with SECUREFILE and LOB-level deduplication:

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
        DEDUPLICATE
        CACHE
    );

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column and LOB deduplication enabled on only one partition. Only LOBs that belong to partition p1 are deduplicated.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( REGION VARCHAR2(20), a BLOB) 
     LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
           CACHE
)
PARTITION BY LIST (REGION) (
     PARTITION p1 VALUES ('x', 'y')
          LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
               DEDUPLICATE
          ),
     PARTITION p2 VALUES (DEFAULT)
);

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column and disable deduplication. LOBs will be created with deduplication disabled.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
         KEEP_DUPLICATES
         CACHE
    );

Create a table with a SecureFile column and SecureFile deduplication enabled on the column except for one partition. All LOBs except those that belong to p2 will be deduplicated:

CREATE TABLE t1 ( REGION VARCHAR2(20), ID NUMBER, a BLOB)
     LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
           DEDUPLICATE
           CACHE
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (REGION)
      SUBPARTITION BY HASH(ID) SUBPARTITIONS 2 (
        PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (51)
           lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p1
           (SUBPARTITION t2_p1_s1 lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p1_s1,
            SUBPARTITION t2_p1_s2 lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p1_s2),
        PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)
           lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p2 ( KEEP_DUPLICATES ) 
           (SUBPARTITION t2_p2_s1 lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p2_s1,
            SUBPARTITION t2_p2_s2 lob(a) STORE AS a_t2_p2_s2)
      );

CREATE TABLE Usage Notes for Compression

• SecureFile compression does not entail table or index compression and vice-versa.

• A server-wide default SecureFile compression algorithm is used.

• MEDIUM and HIGH options provide varying degrees of compression. The higher the degree of compression, the higher the latency incurred. The HIGH setting incurs more work, but will compress the data better. The default is MEDIUM.

• Compression can be specified at a partition level. The lob_storage_clause allows specification for partitioned tables on a per-partition basis.

• SecureFile compression is performed on the server-side and allows random reads and writes to LOB data. Client side compression utilities like utl_compress cannot provide random access.

• DBMS_LOB.SETOPTIONS can be used to enable and disable compression on individual LOBs.

• LOB compression is applicable only to SECUREFILE LOBs.

CREATE TABLE Examples for Compression

Create a table with a SECUREFILE compressed LOB column. The compression level is MEDIUM by default.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
         COMPRESS
         CACHE
    );

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column having the high level of compression.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
         COMPRESS HIGH
         CACHE
    );

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column and LOB compression enabled on only one partition. Only LOBs that belong to partition p1 are compressed.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( REGION VARCHAR2(20), a BLOB) 
     LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
        CACHE
     )
     PARTITION BY LIST (REGION) (
          PARTITION p1 VALUES ('x', 'y')
               LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
                   COMPRESS
                ),
          PARTITION p2 VALUES (DEFAULT)
     );

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column and LOB compression disabled.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
         NOCOMPRESS
         CACHE
    );

CREATE TABLE Usage Notes for Encryption

Create a table with encryption enabled or disabled on a LOB column. The current TDE (Transparent Data Encryption) syntax is used for extending encryption to LOB data types. The LOB must be created with SECUREFILE parameter.

• Encryption is performed at block level.

• 'encrypt_algorithm' indicates the name of the encryption algorithm. Valid algorithms are:

• • 3DES168

  • AES128

  • AES192 (default)

  • AES256

• The column encryption key is derived from PASSWORD, if specified.

• SALT is the default for LOB encryption. NO SALT is not supported.

• All LOBs in the LOB column will be encrypted.

• DECRYPT keeps the LOBs in cleartext.

• LOBs can be encrypted only on a per-column basis (same as Transparent Data Encryption). All partitions within a LOB column will be encrypted.

• Key management controls the ability to encrypt or decrypt.

• LOB encryption is allowed only with SECUREFILE LOBs.

• Transparent data encryption is not supported by the traditional import and export utilities or by transportable-tablespace-based export. Use the Data Pump import and export utilities with encrypted columns instead.

CREATE TABLE Examples for Encryption

Create a table with SECUREFILE LOB column and LOB encryption enabled using AES128.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB ENCRYPT USING 'AES128')
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
         CACHE
    );

Create a table with SECUREFILE LOB column and with LOB encryption enabled on all partitions.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( REGION VARCHAR2(20), a BLOB)
LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
ENCRYPT USING 'AES128'
CACHE
NOLOGGING
)
PARTITION BY LIST (REGION) (
PARTITION p1 VALUES ('x', 'y'),
PARTITION p2 VALUES (DEFAULT)
);

Create a table with a SECUREFILE LOB column and LOB encryption key built with a password. By default AES192 bit encryption is used.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB ENCRYPT IDENTIFIED BY foo)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
        CACHE
    );

The following example has the same result because the encryption option can be set in the LOB_deduplicate_clause section of the statement:

CREATE TABLE t1 (a CLOB)
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
        CACHE
        ENCRYPT
        IDENTIFIED BY foo
    );

Create a SECUREFILE LOB with encryption disabled.

CREATE TABLE t1 ( a CLOB )
    LOB(a) STORE AS SECUREFILE (
        CACHE DECRYPT
    );

Parameters for ALTER TABLE With SECUREFILE LOBs

You can modify LOB storage with an ALTER TABLE statement or with online redefinition by using the DBMS_REDEFINITION package. If you have not enabled LOB encryption, compression, or deduplication at create time, Oracle recommends that you use online redefinition to enable them after creation, because this process is more disk-space efficient for changes to these three parameters.

Keywords are in bold.

ALTER TABLE [ schema.]table
  [ alter_table_properties
  | column_clauses
  | constraint_clauses
  | alter_table_partitioning
  | alter_external_table_clauses
  | move_table_clause
  ]
    [ enable_disable_clause
    | { ENABLE | DISABLE }
      { TABLE LOCK | ALL TRIGGERS }
    [ enable_disable_clause
    | { ENABLE | DISABLE }
      { TABLE LOCK | ALL TRIGGERS }
    ]...
  ] ;
 
 
<column_clauses> ::=
  { { add_column_clause
    | modify_column_clause
    | drop_column_clause
    }
    [ add_column_clause
    | modify_column_clause
    | drop_column_clause
    ]...
  | rename_column_clause
  | modify_collection_retrieval
    [ modify_collection_retrieval ]...
  | modify_LOB_storage_clause
    [ modify_LOB_storage_clause ] ...
  | alter_varray_col_properties
    [ alter_varray_col_properties ]
  }
 
<modify_LOB_storage_clause> ::=
MODIFY LOB (LOB_item) (LOB_deduplicate_clause [LOB_deduplicate_clause ] )
 
<LOB_deduplicate_clause> ::=
  { storage_clause
  | PCTVERSION integer
  | RETENTION [ { MAX | MIN integer | AUTO | NONE } ]
  | FREEPOOLS integer
  | REBUILD FREEPOOLS
  | LOB_deduplicate_clause
  | LOB_compression_clause
  | LOB_encryption_clause
  | { CACHE | { { NOCACHE | CACHE READS } [ logging_clause ] } }
  | allocate_extent_clause
  | shrink_clause
  | deallocate_unused_clause
  }
    [ storage_clause
    | PCTVERSION integer
    | RETENTION
    | FREEPOOLS integer
    | REBUILD FREEPOOLS
    | modify_LOB_sharing_clause
    | LOB_compression_clause
    | LOB_encryption_clause
  | { CACHE | { NOCACHE | CACHE READS } [ logging_clause ] }
    | shrink_clause
    | deallocate_unused_clause
    ]...

Where these keywords are defined for this statement as:

ALTER TABLE Usage Notes for Deduplication

ALTER TABLE syntax enables or disables LOB-level deduplication.

• This syntax alters the deduplication mode of the LOB column.

• Deduplication on existing LOBs can add significant latency.

• DBMS_LOB.SETOPTIONS can be used to enable or disable deduplication on individual LOBs.

• Deduplication can be specified at a table level or partition level. Deduplication does not span across partitioned LOBs.

• Deduplication is applicable only to SecureFiles.

ALTER TABLE Examples for Deduplication

Disable deduplication on a SECUREFILE LOB.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
     LOB(a) (
         KEEP_DUPLICATES 
    );

Enable LOB-level deduplication on a SECUREFILE LOB.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
    LOB(a) (
         DEDUPLICATE
    );

Enable LOB-level deduplication on a SECUREFILE LOB column within a single partition.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY PARTITION p1
    LOB(a) (
         DEDUPLICATE
    );

ALTER TABLE Usage Notes for Compression

• This syntax alters the compression mode of the LOB column.

• Compression on existing LOBs can add significant latency.

• DBMS_LOB.SETOPTIONS can be used to enable or disable compression on individual LOBs.

• Compression can be specified at a table level or partition level.

• MEDIUM and HIGH options provide varying degrees of compression. The higher the compression, the higher the latency incurred. The HIGH setting incurs more work, but will compress the data better. The default is MEDIUM.

• LOB compression is applicable only to SecureFiles.

ALTER TABLE Examples for Compression

Disable compression on a SECUREFILE LOB.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
    LOB(a) (
         NOCOMPRESS
    );

Enable compression on a SECUREFILE LOB with a high degree of compression.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
    LOB(a) (
         COMPRESS HIGH
    );

Enable lob compression on a SECUREFILE LOB column within a single partition.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY PARTITION p1
    LOB(a) (
         COMPRESS HIGH
    );

ALTER TABLE Usage Notes for Encryption

ALTER TABLE is used to enable and disable LOB encryption for SECUREFILE LOBs. This syntax also allows LOB columns to be re-keyed with a new key or algorithm.

• ENCRYPT/DECRYPT options enable or disable encryption on all LOBs in the SecureFile column.

• SALT is the default for LOB encryption. NO SALT is not supported.

• The DECRYPT option converts encrypted columns to its cleartext form.

• Key management controls the ability to encrypt or decrypt.

• LOBs can be encrypted only on a per-column basis. A partitioned LOB has either all partitions encrypted or unencrypted.

• LOB encryption is applicable only to SecureFiles.

ALTER TABLE Examples for Encryption

Enable LOB encryption using 3DES168.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
      ( a CLOB ENCRYPT USING '3DES168');

Or, this second example of enabling LOB encryption using 3DES168.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY LOB(a)
      (ENCRYPT USING '3DES168');

Enable encryption on a SECUREFILE LOB column and build the encryption key using a password.

ALTER TABLE t1 MODIFY 
    ( a CLOB ENCRYPT IDENTIFIED BY foo);

To re-encrypt the LOB column with a new key, re-key the table.

ALTER TABLE t1 REKEY USING '3DES168';

DBMS_LOB Package

LOBs inherit the LOB column settings for deduplication, encryption, and compression, which can also be configured on a per-LOB level using the LOB locator API. However, the LONG API cannot be used to configure these LOB settings. DBMS_LOB package additions for these features are described in the following sections.

DBMS_SPACE Package

These additions to the packages are for SECUREFILE LOBs.

db_securefile

Parameter Name: db_securefile

Parameter Type: text

Allowable Values: { ALWAYS | FORCE | PERMITTED | NEVER | IGNORE }

Default Value: PERMITTED

Description: This parameter allows the database administrator to either allow SECUREFILE LOBs to be created (PERMITTED), disallow SECUREFILE LOBs from being created going forward (NEVER), force all LOBs created going forward to be SECUREFILE LOBs (FORCE), attempt to create SECUREFILE LOBs but fall back to BASICFILE LOBs (ALWAYS), or disallow SECUREFILE LOBs and ignore any errors that would otherwise be caused by forcing BASICFILE LOBs with SECUREFILE options (IGNORE).

If NEVER is specified, any LOBs that are specified as SECUREFILE LOBs are created as BASICFILE LOBs. All SECUREFILE specific storage options and features (for example, compress, encrypt, deduplicate) will throw an exception. The BASICFILE LOB defaults are used for storage options not specified.

ALWAYS attempts to create all LOBs as SECUREFILE LOBs but creates any LOBs not in ASSM tablespaces as BASICFILE LOBs, unless SECUREFILE is explicitly specified. Any BASICFILE LOB storage options specified will be ignored, and the SECUREFILE defaults are used for all storage options not specified.

If FORCE is specified, all LOBs created in the system will be created as SECUREFILE LOBs. If the LOB is being created in an MSSM tablespace, an error will be thrown. Any BASICFILE LOB storage options specified will be ignored, and the SECUREFILE defaults are used for all storage options not specified.

If IGNORE is specified, the SECUREFILE keyword and all SECUREFILE options are ignored.

Dynamic: The parameter is dynamic and the scope is ALTER SYSTEM.

Example: ALTER SYSTEM SET db_securefile = 'ALWAYS';

Preventing Generation of Redo Space when Migrating to SecureFile LOBs

Generation of redo space can cause performance problems during the process of migrating BasicFile LOB columns. Redo changes for the table are logged during the migration process only if the table has LOGGING set.

Redo changes for the column being converted from BasicFile LOB to SecureFile are logged only if the storage characteristics of the SecureFile LOB column indicate LOGGING. The logging setting (LOGGING or NOLOGGING) for the LOB column is inherited from the tablespace in which the LOB is created.

To prevent generation of redo space during migration make sure that you specify the NOLOGGING storage parameter for the new SecureFile LOB column(s). You can turn LOGGING on once your migration is complete.

Online Redefinition

Online redefinition is the only recommended method for migration of BasicFile LOBs to SecureFiles. It can be done at the table or partition level.

Using Online Redefinition for Migrating Tables with BasicFiles

You can also migrate a table using Online Redefinition. Online Redefinition has the advantage of not requiring the table to be off line, but it requires additional free space equal to or even slightly greater than the space used by the table. To migrate a table using Online Redefinition:

REM Grant privileges required for online redefinition.
GRANT EXECUTE ON DBMS_REDEFINITION TO pm;
GRANT ALTER ANY TABLE TO pm;
GRANT DROP ANY TABLE TO pm;
GRANT LOCK ANY TABLE TO pm;
GRANT CREATE ANY TABLE TO pm;
GRANT SELECT ANY TABLE TO pm;
REM Privileges required to perform cloning of dependent objects.
GRANT CREATE ANY TRIGGER TO pm;
GRANT CREATE ANY INDEX TO pm;
CONNECT pm/pm
DROP TABLE cust;
CREATE TABLE cust(c_id NUMBER PRIMARY KEY,
c_zip NUMBER,
c_name VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
c_lob CLOB
);
INSERT INTO cust VALUES(1, 94065, 'hhh', 'ttt');
-- Creating Interim Table
-- There is no need to specify constraints because they are
-- copied over from the original table.
CREATE TABLE cust_int(c_id NUMBER NOT NULL,
c_zip NUMBER,
c_name VARCHAR(30) DEFAULT NULL,
c_lob CLOB
) LOB(c) STORE AS SECUREFILE (NOCACHE NOLOGGING);
DECLARE
col_mapping VARCHAR2(1000);
BEGIN
-- map all the columns in the interim table to the original table
col_mapping :=
'c_id c_id , '||
'c_zip c_zip , '||
'c_name c_name, '||
'c_lob c_lob';
DBMS_REDEFINITION.START_REDEF_TABLE('pm', 'cust', 'cust_int', col_mapping);
END;
/
DECLARE
error_count pls_integer := 0;
BEGIN
DBMS_REDEFINITION.COPY_TABLE_DEPENDENTS('pm', 'cust', 'cust_int',
    1, TRUE,TRUE,TRUE,FALSE, error_count);
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('errors := ' || TO_CHAR(error_count));
END;
/
EXEC DBMS_REDEFINITION.FINISH_REDEF_TABLE('pm', 'cust', 'cust_int');
-- Drop the interim table
DROP TABLE cust_int;
DESC cust;
-- The following insert statement fails. This illustrates
-- that the primary key constraint on the c_id column is
-- preserved after migration.
INSERT INTO cust VALUES(1, 94065, 'hhh', 'ttt');
SELECT * FROM cust;

Parallel Online Redefinition

On a system with sufficient resources for parallel execution, redefinition of a BASICFILE LOB column to a SECUREFILE LOB column can be executed in parallel under the following conditions:

• In the case where the destination table is non-partitioned:

  The segment used to store the LOB column in the destination table belongs to a locally managed tablespace with Automatic Segment Space Management (ASSM) enabled, which is now the default and is a requirement for SecureFiles.

  There is a simple mapping from one LOB column to one LOB column, and the destination table has only one LOB column.

• In the case where the destination table is partitioned:

  The normal methods for parallel execution for partitioning apply. When the destination table is partitioned, then online redefinition is executed in parallel.

For parallel execution of online redefinition add the following statement after the connect statement in Example 4-1, "Example of Online Redefinition" in the last section:

ALTER SESSION FORCE PARALLEL DML;