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Oracle® Database Installation Guide
10g Release 2 (10.2) for AIX 5L Based Systems (64-Bit)

Part Number B19075-01
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2 Preinstallation Tasks

This chapter describes the tasks that you must complete before you start Oracle Universal Installer. It includes information about the following tasks:

2.1 Logging In to the System as root

Before you install the Oracle software, you must complete several tasks as the root user. To log in as the root user, complete one of the following procedures:


Note:

Unless you intend to complete a silent-mode installation, you must install the software from an X Window System workstation, an X terminal, or a PC or other system with X server software installed.

For more information about silent-mode installations, refer to Appendix A.


2.2 Checking the Hardware Requirements

The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:

To ensure that the system meets these requirements:

  1. To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command:

    # /usr/sbin/lsattr -E -l sys0 -a realmem
    
    

    If the size of the physical RAM is less than the required size, then you must install more memory before continuing.

  2. To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:

    # /usr/sbin/lsps -a
    
    

    If necessary, refer to the operating system documentation for information about how to configure additional swap space.

  3. To determine the amount of disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter the following command:

    # df -k /tmp
    
    

    If there is less than 400 MB of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, then complete one of the following steps:

    • Delete unnecessary files from the /tmp directory to meet the disk space requirement.

    • Set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables when setting the oracle user's environment (described later).

    • Extend the file system that contains the /tmp directory. If necessary, contact your system administrator for information about extending file systems.

  4. To determine the amount of free disk space on the system, enter the following command:

    # df -k
    
    

    The following table shows the approximate disk space requirements for software files for each installation type:

    Installation Type Requirement for Software Files (GB)
    Enterprise Edition 2.0
    Standard Edition 3.0
    Custom (maximum) 2.5

  5. To determine whether the system architecture can run the software, enter the following command:

    # /usr/bin/getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE
    

    Note:

    The expected output of this command is 64. If you do not see the expected output, then you cannot install the software on this system.

2.3 Checking the Software Requirements

Depending on the products that you intend to install, verify that the following software is installed on the system. The procedure following the table describes how to verify whether these requirements are addressed.


Note:

Oracle Universal Installer performs checks on your system to verify that it meets the listed requirements. To ensure that these checks pass, verify the requirements before you start Oracle Universal Installer.

Item Requirement
Operating system The following operating system versions and maintenance level are required:

AIX 5L version 5.2, Maintenance Level 04 or later

AIX 5L version 5.3, Maintenance Level 02 or later

Operating system filesets The following operating system filesets are required:
bos.adt.base
bos.adt.lib
bos.adt.libm
bos.perf.libperfstat
bos.perf.perfstat
bos.perf.proctools
xlC.aix50.rte:7.0.0.4 or later
xlC.rte:7.0.0.1 or later
Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers You can use the following optional IBM JDK versions with the Oracle JDBC/OCI drivers, however they are not required for the installation:
  • JDK 1.4.2 (64-bit)

  • JDK 1.3.1.11 (32-bit)

  • JDK 1.2.2.18

Note: IBM JDK 1.4.2 (32-bit) is installed with this release.

PL/SQL native compilation, Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK), GNU Compiler Collection (GCC)

Note: If you do not install install the IBM XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7.0 compiler, you need to install the IBM XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX Runtime Environment Component. The runtime environment file sets can be downloaded with no license requirements from the following link:

http://www-1.ibm.com/support/docview.wss?uid=swg24009788

Oracle Messaging Gateway IBM WebSphere MQ V5.3, client and server:
mqm.Client.Bnd
mqm.Server.Bnd

To ensure that the system meets these requirements:

  1. To determine the version of AIX installed, enter the following command:

    # oslevel -r
    
    

    If the operating system version is lower than AIX 5.2.0.0 Maintenance Level 04 (5200-04), then upgrade your operating system to this level. AIX 5L version 5.2 maintenance packages are available from the following Web site:

    http://www-912.ibm.com/eserver/support/fixes/
    
    
  2. To determine whether the required filesets are installed and committed, enter a command similar to the following:

    # lslpp -l bos.adt.base bos.adt.lib bos.adt.libm bos.perf.perfstat \
     bos.perf.libperfstat bos.perf.proctools
    
    

    If a fileset is not installed and committed, then install it. Refer to your operating system or software documentation for information about installing filesets.

In addition, you need to verify that the following patches are installed on the system. The procedure following the table describes how to check these requirements.


Note:

There may be more recent versions of the patches listed installed on the system. If a listed patch is not installed, then determine whether a more recent version is installed before installing the version listed.

Installation Type or Product Requirement
All installations Authorized Problem Analysis Reports (APARs) for AIX 5L v5.2 ML 04:
  • IY63133: large percentage of CPU time spent in ldata_balance routine

  • IY64978: deadlock with concurrent renaming and unlinking under JFS

  • IY63366: dlsym returns null even for valid symbol in AIX520 ML-4

  • IY64691: chvg -b can cause corruption and crash

  • IY64737: AIO can hang in knotunlock

  • IY65001: mklvcopy on a striped lv is failing to update lvcb

All installations Authorized Problem Analysis Reports (APARs) for AIX 5L v5.3 ML 02:
  • IY58143: REQUIRED UPDATE FOR AIX 5.3

  • IY59386: libdepend.mk files are all empty

  • IY60930: Unable to delete network routes

  • IY66513: LDR_CNTRL turns on undesirable option when initialized with incorrect value

  • IY70159: krtl relocation problem

PL/SQL native compilation, Pro*C/C++, Oracle Call Interface, Oracle C++ Call Interface, Oracle XML Developer's Kit (XDK) May 2005 XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX PTF (7.0.0.2):
  • IY64361: Exception in putdiag_no_handler() when -O is specified

  • IY65361: May 2005 XL C Enterprise Edition V7.0 for AIX PTF

  • IY65362: MAY 2005 XL C/C++ Enterprise Edition V7 for AIX

Oracle JDBC/OCI Drivers Note: These APARs are required only if you are using the associated JDK version.

APAR required for JDK 1.4.2 (64-bit):

  • IY63533: DK 1.4.2 64-bit SR1 caix64142-20040917

APARs required for JDK 1.3.1.11 (32-bit):

  • IY58350: SDK 1.3.1 32-BIT SR7P : CA131IFX-20040721A

  • IY65305: JAVA142 32-BIT PTF : CA142IFX-20041203

APAR required for JDK 1.2.2.18:

  • IY40034: SDK 1.2.2 PTF: CA122-20030115

Oracle Messaging Gateway Corrective service diskettes (CSDs) for WebSphere MQ:

CSD03 or later for WebSphere MQ V5.3 FP 9


To ensure that the system meets these requirements:

  1. To determine whether an APAR is installed, enter a command similar to the following:

    # /usr/sbin/instfix -i -k "IY63133 IY64978 IY63366 IY64691 IY65001 IY64737 \ 
      IY64361 IY65305 IY58350 IY63533"
    
    

    If an APAR is not installed, then download it from the following Web site and install it:

    http://www-912.ibm.com/eserver/support/fixes/
    
    
  2. If you require a CSD for WebSphere MQ, then refer to the following Web site for download and installation information:

    http://www.ibm.com/software/integration/mqfamily/support/summary/aix.html
    
    

2.4 Checking the Network Setup

Typically, the computer on which you want to install Oracle Database is connected to the network, has local storage to contain the Oracle Database installation, has a display monitor, and has a CD-ROM or DVD drive.

This section describes how to install Oracle Database on computers that do not meet the typical scenario. It covers the following cases:

2.4.1 Configuring Name Resolution

When you run Oracle Universal Installer, an error may occur if name resolution is not set up. To avoid this error, before you begin installation, you must ensure that host names are resolved only through the /etc/hosts file.

To ensure that host names are resolved only through the /etc/hosts file:

  1. Verify that the /etc/hosts file is used for name resolution. You can do this by checking the hosts file entry in the netsvc.conf file as follows:

    # cat /etc/netsvc.conf | grep hosts
    
    

    Ensure that the hosts keyword is configured properly for hostname resolution in the environment.

  2. Verify that the host name has been set by using the hostname command as follows:

    # hostname
    
    

    The output of this command should be similar to the following:

    myhost.mycomputer.com
    
    
  3. Verify that the domain name has not been set dynamically by using the domainname command as follows:

    # domainname
    
    

    This command should not return any results.

  4. Verify that the hosts file contains the fully qualified host name by using the following command:

    # cat /etc/hosts | grep `eval hostname`
    
    

    The output of this command should contain an entry for the fully qualified host name and for localhost.

    For example:

    192.168.100.16    myhost.us.mycompany.com   myhost
    127.0.0.1         localhost                 localhost.localdomain
    
    

    If the hosts file does not contain the fully qualified host name, then open the file and make the required changes in it.

2.4.2 Installing on DHCP Computers

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) assigns dynamic IP addresses on a network. Dynamic addressing enables a computer to have a different IP address each time it connects to the network. In some cases, the IP address can change while the computer is still connected. You can have a mixture of static and dynamic IP addressing in a DHCP system.

In a DHCP setup, the software tracks IP addresses, which simplifies network administration. This lets you add a new computer to the network without having to manually assign that computer a unique IP address.

2.4.3 Installing on Multihomed Computers

You can install Oracle Database on a multihomed computer. A multihomed computer is associated with multiple IP addresses. This is typically achieved by having multiple network cards on the computer. Each IP address is associated with a host name. In addition, you can set up aliases for the host name. By default, Oracle Universal Installer uses the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable setting to find the host name. If ORACLE_HOSTNAME is not set and you are installing on a computer that has multiple network cards, then Oracle Universal Installer determines the host name by using the first entry in the /etc/hosts file.

Clients must be able to access the computer either by using this host name or by using aliases for this host name. To verify this, ping the host name from the client computers using the short name (hostname only) and the full name (hostname and domain name). Both tests must be successful.

Setting the ORACLE_HOSTNAME Environment Variable

Use the following procedure to set the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable.

For example, if the fully qualified host name is somehost.us.acme.com, then enter one of the following commands:

Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

$ ORACLE_HOSTNAME=somehost.us.acme.com
$ export ORACLE_HOSTNAME

C shell:

% setenv ORACLE_HOSTNAME somehost.us.acme.com

2.4.4 Installing on Computers with Multiple Aliases

A computer with multiple aliases is registered with the naming service under a single IP but with multiple aliases. The naming service resolves any of those aliases to the same computer. Before installing Oracle Database on such a computer, set the ORACLE_HOSTNAME environment variable to the computer whose host name you want to use.

2.4.5 Installing on Non-Networked Computers

You can install Oracle Database on a non-networked computer. If the computer, such as a laptop, is configured for DHCP and you plan to connect the computer to the network after the Oracle Database installation, then use the ping command on the computer on which you want to install the database to check if the computer can connect to itself. Perform this step by first using only the host name and then using the fully qualified name, which should be in the /etc/hosts file.


Note:

When you run the ping command on the computer itself, the ping command should return the IP address of the computer.

If the ping command fails, then contact your network administrator.

Connecting the Computer to the Network after Installation

If you connect the computer to a network after installation, then the Oracle Database instance on your computer can work with other instances on the network. The computer can use a static IP or DHCP, depending on the network to which you are connected.

2.5 Creating Required Operating System Groups and Users

Depending on whether this is the first time Oracle software is being installed on this system and on the products that you are installing, you may need to create several operating system groups and users.

The following operating system groups and user are required if you are installing Oracle Database:

The following operating system group and user are required for all installations:

A single Oracle Inventory group is required for all installations of Oracle software on the system. After the first installation of Oracle software, you must use the same Oracle Inventory group for all subsequent Oracle software installations on that system. However, you can choose to create different Oracle software owner users, OSDBA groups, and OSOPER groups (other than oracle, dba, and oper) for separate installations. By using different groups for different installations, members of these different groups have DBA privileges only on the associated databases rather than on all databases on the system.


See Also:

Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for UNIX-Based Operating Systems and Oracle Database Administrator's Guide for more information about the OSDBA and OSOPER groups and the SYSDBA and SYSOPER privileges


Note:

The following sections describe how to create local users and groups. As an alternative to creating local users and groups, you could create the appropriate users and groups in a directory service, for example, Network Information Services (NIS). For information about using directory services, contact your system administrator or refer to your operating system documentation.

The following sections describe how to create the required operating system users and groups:

2.5.1 Creating the Oracle Inventory Group

You must create the Oracle Inventory group if it does not already exist. The following subsections describe how to determine the Oracle Inventory group name, if it exists, and how to create it if necessary.

Determining Whether the Oracle Inventory Group Exists

When you install Oracle software on the system for the first time, Oracle Universal Installer creates the oraInst.loc file. This file identifies the name of the Oracle Inventory group and the path of the Oracle Inventory directory.

To determine whether the Oracle Inventory group exists, enter the following command:

# more /etc/oraInst.loc

If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
inst_group=oinstall

The inst_group parameter shows the name of the Oracle Inventory group, oinstall.

Creating the Oracle Inventory Group

If the oraInst.loc file does not exist, then create the Oracle Inventory group by using the following procedure:

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit security
    
    
  2. Choose the appropriate menu items to create the oinstall group.

  3. Press F10 to exit.

2.5.2 Creating the OSDBA Group

You must create an OSDBA group in the following circumstances:

  • An OSDBA group does not exist, for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle Database software on the system

  • An OSDBA group exists, but you want to give a different group of operating system users database administrative privileges in a new Oracle installation

If the OSDBA group does not exist or if you require a new OSDBA group, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name dba unless a group with that name already exists.

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit security
    
    
  2. Choose the appropriate menu items to create the dba group.

  3. Press F10 to exit.

2.5.3 Creating an OSOPER Group (Optional)

Create an OSOPER group only if you want to identify a group of operating system users with a limited set of database administrative privileges (SYSOPER operator privileges). For most installations, it is sufficient to create only the OSDBA group. If you want to use an OSOPER group, then you must create it in the following circumstances:

  • If an OSOPER group does not exist, for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle Database software on the system

  • If an OSOPER group exists, but you want to give a different group of operating system users database operator privileges in a new Oracle installation

If you require a new OSOPER group, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the group name oper unless a group with that name already exists.

    1. Enter the following command:

      # smit security
      
      
    2. Choose the appropriate menu items to create the oper group.

    3. Press F10 to exit.

2.5.4 Creating the Oracle Software Owner User

You must create an Oracle software owner user in the following circumstances:

  • If an Oracle software owner user does not exist, for example, if this is the first installation of Oracle software on the system

  • If an Oracle software owner user exists, but you want to use a different operating system user, with different group membership, to give database administrative privileges to those groups in a new Oracle Database installation

2.5.4.1 Determining Whether an Oracle Software Owner User Exists

To determine whether an Oracle software owner user named oracle exists, enter the following command:

# id oracle

If the oracle user exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)

If the user exists, then determine whether you want to use the existing user or create another oracle user. If you want to use the existing user, then ensure that the user's primary group is the Oracle Inventory group and that it is a member of the appropriate OSDBA and OSOPER groups. Refer to one of the following sections for more information:


Note:

If necessary, contact your system administrator before using or modifying an existing user.

2.5.4.2 Creating an Oracle Software Owner User

If the Oracle software owner user does not exist or if you require a new Oracle software owner user, then create it as follows. In the following procedure, use the user name oracle unless a user with that name already exists.

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit security
    
    
  2. Choose the appropriate menu items to create the oracle user, specifying the following information:

    • In the Primary GROUP field, specify the Oracle Inventory group, for example oinstall.

    • In the Group SET field, specify the OSDBA group and if required, the OSOPER group. For example, dba or dba,oper.


      Note:

      The UID for the oracle user must be less than 65536.

  3. Press F10 to exit.

  4. Set the password of the oracle user:

    # passwd oracle
    
    

Refer to the "Verifying that the User nobody Exists" section to continue.

2.5.4.3 Modifying an Oracle Software Owner User

If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is not a member of the appropriate OSDBA or OSOPER groups, then you can modify it as follows:

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit security
    
    
  2. Choose the appropriate menu items to modify the oracle user.

  3. In the Primary GROUP field, specify the Oracle Inventory group, for example oinstall.

  4. In the Group SET field, specify the required secondary groups, for example dba and oper.

  5. Press F10 to exit.

2.5.5 Verifying that the User nobody Exists

Before installing the software, perform the following procedure to verify that the nobody user exists on the system:

  1. To determine whether the user exists, enter the following command:

    # id nobody
    
    

    If this command displays information about the nobody user, then you do not have to create that user.

  2. If the nobody user does not exist, then enter the following command to create it:

    # smit security
    
    

    Specify the appropriate options to create an unprivileged nobody user, then press F10 to exit.

2.6 Configure Shell Limits and System Configuration Parameters


Note:

The parameter and shell limit values shown in this section are recommended values only. For production database systems, Oracle recommends that you tune these values to optimize the performance of the system. See your operating system documentation for more information about tuning kernel parameters.

Oracle recommends that you set shell limits and system configuration parameters as described in this section.

2.6.1 Configure Shell Limits

Verify that the shell limits shown in the following table are set to the values shown. The procedure following the table describes how to verify and set the values.

Shell Limit (As Shown in smit) Recommended Value
Soft FILE size -1 (Unlimited)
Soft CPU time -1 (Unlimited)

Note: This is the default value.

Soft DATA segment -1 (Unlimited)
Soft STACK size -1 (Unlimited)

To view the current value specified for these shell limits, and to change them if necessary:

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit chuser
    
    
  2. In the User NAME field, enter the user name of the Oracle software owner, for example oracle.

  3. Scroll down the list and verify that the value shown for the soft limits listed in the previous table is -1.

    If necessary, edit the existing value.

  4. When you have finished making changes, press F10 to exit.

2.6.2 Configure System Configuration Parameters

Verify that the maximum number of processes allowed per user is set to 2048 or greater:


Note:

For production systems, this value should be at least 128 plus the sum of the PROCESSES and PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS initialization parameters for each database running on the system.

  1. Enter the following command:

    # smit chgsys
    
    
  2. Verify that the value shown for Maximum number of PROCESSES allowed per user is greater than or equal to 2048.

    If necessary, edit the existing value.

  3. When you have finished making changes, press F10 to exit.

2.7 Identifying Required Software Directories

You must identify or create the following directories for the Oracle software:

2.7.1 Oracle Base Directory

The Oracle base directory is a top-level directory for Oracle software installations. It is analogous to the C:\Oracle directory used for Oracle software installations on Microsoft Windows systems. On AIX systems, the Optimal Flexible Architecture (OFA) guidelines recommend that you use a path similar to the following for the Oracle base directory:

/mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner

In this example:

  • mount_point is the mount point directory for the file system that will contain the Oracle software.

    The examples in this guide use /u01 for the mount point directory. However, you could choose another mount point directory, such as /oracle or /opt/oracle.

  • oracle_sw_owner is the operating system user name of the Oracle software owner, for example oracle.

You can use the same Oracle base directory for more than one installation or you can create separate Oracle base directories for different installations. If different operating system users install Oracle software on the same system, then each user must create a separate Oracle base directory. The following example Oracle base directories could all exist on the same system:

/u01/app/oracle
/u01/app/orauser
/opt/oracle/app/oracle

The following sections describe how to identify existing Oracle base directories that may be suitable for your installation and how to create an Oracle base directory if necessary.

Regardless of whether you create an Oracle base directory or decide to use an existing one, you must set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the full path to this directory.

2.7.2 Oracle Inventory Directory

The Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory) stores an inventory of all software installed on the system. It is required by, and shared by, all Oracle software installations on a single system. The first time you install Oracle software on a system, Oracle Universal Installer prompts you to specify the path to this directory. then Oracle recommends that you choose the following path:

oracle_base/oraInventory

Oracle Universal Installer creates the directory that you specify and sets the correct owner, group, and permissions for it. You do not need to create it.


Note:

All Oracle software installations rely on this directory. Ensure that you back it up regularly.

Do not delete this directory unless you have completely removed all Oracle software from the system.


2.7.3 Oracle Home Directory

The Oracle home directory is the directory where you choose to install the software for a particular Oracle product. You must install different Oracle products, or different releases of the same Oracle product, in separate Oracle home directories. When you run Oracle Universal Installer, it prompts you to specify the path to this directory, as well as a name that identifies it. The directory that you specify must be a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory. Oracle recommends that you specify a path similar to the following for the Oracle home directory:

oracle_base/product/10.2.0/db_1

Oracle Universal Installer creates the directory path that you specify under the Oracle base directory. It also sets the correct owner, group, and permissions on it. You do not need to create this directory.

2.8 Identifying or Creating an Oracle Base Directory

Before starting the installation, you must either identify an existing Oracle base directory or if required, create one. This section contains information about the following:


Note:

You can choose to create an Oracle base directory, even if other Oracle base directories exist on the system.

2.8.1 Identifying an Existing Oracle Base Directory

Existing Oracle base directories may not have paths that comply with OFA guidelines. However, if you identify an existing Oracle Inventory directory or existing Oracle home directories, then you can usually identify the Oracle base directories, as follows:

  • Identifying an existing Oracle Inventory directory

    Enter the following command to view the contents of the oraInst.loc file:

    # more /etc/oraInst.loc
    
    

    If the oraInst.loc file exists, then the output from this command is similar to the following:

    inventory_loc=/u01/app/oracle/oraInventory
    inst_group=oinstall
    
    

    The inventory_loc parameter identifies the Oracle Inventory directory (oraInventory). The parent directory of the oraInventory directory is typically an Oracle base directory. In the previous example, /u01/app/oracle is an Oracle base directory.

  • Identifying existing Oracle home directories

    Enter the following command to view the contents of the oratab file:

    # more /etc/oratab
    
    

    If the oratab file exists, then it contains lines similar to the following:

    *:/u03/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/db_1:N
    *:/opt/orauser/infra_904:N
    *:/oracle/9.2.0:N
    
    

    The directory paths specified on each line identify Oracle home directories. Directory paths that end with the user name of the Oracle software owner that you want to use are valid choices for an Oracle base directory. If you intend to use the oracle user to install the software, then you could choose one of the following directories from the previous example:

    /u03/app/oracle
    /oracle
    

    Note:

    If possible, choose a directory path similar to the first (/u03/app/oracle). This path complies with the OFA guidelines.

Before deciding to use an existing Oracle base directory for this installation, ensure that it satisfies the following conditions:

  • It should not be on the same file system as the operating system.

  • It must have sufficient free disk space, as follows:

    Requirement Free Disk Space
    The Oracle base directory will contain only software files. Up to 3 GB
    The Oracle base directory will contain both software and database files (not recommended for production databases). Up to 4 GB

    To determine the free disk space on the file system where the Oracle base directory is located, enter the following command:

    • # df -k oracle_base_path
      
      

To continue:

  • If an Oracle base directory exists and you want to use it, then refer to the "Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files" section.

    When you configure the oracle user's environment later in this chapter, set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the directory you chose.

  • If an Oracle base directory does not exist on the system or if you want to create an Oracle base directory, then refer to the following section.

2.8.2 Creating an Oracle Base Directory

Before you create an Oracle base directory, you must identify an appropriate file system with sufficient free disk space, as follows:

Requirement Free Disk Space
The Oracle base directory will contain only software files. Up to 3 GB, depending on the platform
The Oracle base directory will contain both software and database files (not recommended for production databases). Up to 4 GB, depending on the platform

To identify an appropriate file system:

  1. Use the df -k command to determine the free disk space on each mounted file system.

  2. From the display, identify a file system that has appropriate free space.

    The file system that you identify can be a local file system, a cluster file system, or an NFS file system on a certified NAS device.

  3. Note the name of the mount point directory for the file system that you identified.

To create the Oracle base directory and specify the correct owner, group, and permissions for it:

  1. Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in the mount point directory that you identified and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:

    # mkdir -p /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
    # chown -R oracle:oinstall /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
    # chmod -R 775 /mount_point/app/oracle_sw_owner
    
    

    For example, if the mount point you identify is /u01 and oracle is the user name of the Oracle software owner, then the recommended Oracle base directory path is as follows:

    /u01/app/oracle
    
    
  2. When you configure the oracle user's environment later in this chapter, set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the Oracle base directory that you have created.

2.9 Choosing a Storage Option for Oracle Database and Recovery Files

The following table shows the storage options supported for storing Oracle Database files and Oracle Database recovery files. Oracle Database files include data files, control files, redo log files, the server parameter file, and the password file.

For all installations, you must choose the storage option that you want to use for Oracle Database files. If you want to enable automated backups during the installation, then you must also choose the storage option that you want to use for recovery files (the flash recovery area). You do not have to use the same storage option for each file type.


Important:

Database files are supported on file systems, Automatic Storage Management, and raw devices. Recovery files are supported only on file systems and Automatic Storage Management.

Storage Option File Types Supported
Database Recovery
File system Yes Yes
Automatic Storage Management Yes Yes
Raw devices Yes No

Use the following guidelines when choosing the storage options that you want to use for each file type:

For information about how to configure disk storage before you start the installation, refer to one of the following sections depending on your choice:

2.10 Creating Directories for Oracle Database or Recovery Files

This section contains the following topics:

2.10.1 Guidelines for Placing Oracle Database Files on a File System

If you choose to place the Oracle Database files on a file system, then use the following guidelines when deciding where to place them:

  • The default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer for the database file directory is a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory.

  • You can choose either a single file system or more than one file system to store the database files:

    • If you want to use a single file system, then choose a file system on a physical device that is dedicated to the database.

      For best performance and reliability, choose a RAID device or a logical volume on more than one physical device and implement the stripe-and-mirror-everything (SAME) methodology.

    • If you want to use more than one file system, then choose file systems on separate physical devices that are dedicated to the database.

      This method enables you to distribute physical I/O and create separate control files on different devices for increased reliability. It also enables you to fully implement the OFA guidelines described in Appendix D, "Optimal Flexible Architecture". You must choose either the Advanced database creation option or the Custom installation type during the installation to implement this method.

  • If you intend to create a preconfigured database during the installation, then the file system (or file systems) that you choose must have at least 1.2 GB of free disk space.

    For production databases, you must estimate the disk space requirement depending on the use that you want to make of the database.

  • For optimum performance, the file systems that you choose should be on physical devices that are used only by the database.

  • The oracle user must have write permissions to create the files in the path that you specify.

2.10.2 Guidelines for Placing Oracle Recovery Files on a File System


Note:

You must choose a location for recovery files only if you intend to enable automated backups during the installation.

If you choose to place the Oracle recovery files on a file system, then use the following guidelines when deciding where to place them:

  • To prevent disk failure from making both the database files and the recovery files unavailable, place the recovery files in a file system on a different physical disk from the database files.


    Note:

    Alternatively, use an Automatic Storage Management disk group for both data and recovery files.

  • The file system that you choose should have at least 2 GB of free disk space.

    The disk space requirement is the default disk quota configured for the flash recovery area (specified by the DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST_SIZE initialization parameter).

    If you choose the Custom installation type or the Advanced database configuration option, then you can specify a different disk quota value. After you create the database, you can also use Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control or Database Control to specify a different value.


    See Also:

    Oracle Database Backup and Recovery Basics for more information about sizing the flash recovery area

  • The default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer for the flash recovery area is a subdirectory of the Oracle base directory.

    This default location is not recommended for production databases.

  • The oracle user must have write permissions to create the files in the path that you specify.

2.10.3 Creating Required Directories


Note:

You must perform this procedure only if you want to place the Oracle Database or recovery files on a separate file system to the Oracle base directory.

To create directories for the Oracle database, or recovery files on separate file systems to the Oracle base directory:

  1. Use the df -k command to determine the free disk space on each mounted file system.

  2. From the display, identify the file systems that you want to use:

    File Type File System Requirements
    Oracle Clusterware files Choose a file system with at least 120 MB of free disk space
    Database files Choose either:
    • A single file system with at least 1.2 GB of free disk space

    • Two or more file systems with at least 1.2 GB of free disk space in total

    Recovery files Choose a file system with at least 2.4 GB of free disk space.

    If you are using the same file system for more than one type of file, then add the disk space requirements for each type to determine the total disk space requirement.

  3. Note the names of the mount point directories for the file systems that you identified.

  4. Enter commands similar to the following to create the recommended subdirectories in each of the mount point directories and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on them:

    • Database file directory:

      # mkdir /mount_point/oradata
      # chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/oradata
      # chmod 775 /mount_point/oradata
      
      
    • Recovery file directory (flash recovery area):

      # mkdir /mount_point/flash_recovery_area
      # chown oracle:oinstall /mount_point/flash_recovery_area
      # chmod 775 /mount_point/flash_recovery_area
      
      
  5. If you also want to use Automatic Storage Management or raw devices for storage, then refer to one of the following sections:

    Otherwise, refer to the section.

2.11 Preparing Disk Groups for an Automatic Storage Management Installation

This section describes how to configure disks for use with Automatic Storage Management. Before you configure the disks, you must determine the number of disks and the amount of free disk space that you require. The following sections describe how to identify the requirements and configure the disks on each platform:


Note:

Although this section refers to disks, you can also use zero-padded files on a certified NAS storage device in an Automatic Storage Management disk group. Refer to Appendix C for information about creating and configuring NAS-based files for use in an Automatic Storage Management disk group.

2.11.1 General Steps for Configuring Automatic Storage Management

The following are the general steps to configure Automatic Storage Management:

  1. Identify the storage requirements of the site.

  2. Optionally, use an existing Automatic Storage Management disk group.

  3. If you are creating a new Automatic Storage Management disk group, create partitions for DAS or SAN disks.

  4. Use one of the following methods to complete the Automatic Storage Management configuration:

    • If you plan to install Oracle Database using interactive mode, Oracle Universal Installer prompts you for the Automatic Storage Management disk configuration information during the installation.

    • If you plan to install Oracle Database using noninteractive mode, you will need to manually configure the disks before performing the installation.

2.11.2 Step 1: Identifying Storage Requirements for Automatic Storage Management

To identify the storage requirements for using Automatic Storage Management, you must determine the number of devices and the amount of free disk space that you require. To complete this task:

  1. Determine whether you want to use Automatic Storage Management for Oracle Database files, recovery files, or both.


    Note:

    You do not have to use the same storage mechanism for data files and recovery files. You can use the file system for one file type and Automatic Storage Management for the other. If you plan to use Automatic Storage Management for both data files and recovery files, then you should create separate Automatic Storage Management disk groups for the data files and the recovery files.

    If you plan to enable automated backups during the installation, then you can choose Automatic Storage Management as the storage mechanism for recovery files by specifying an Automatic Storage Management disk group for the flash recovery area. Depending on how you choose to create a database during the installation, you have the following options:

    • If you select an installation method that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode, by choosing the Advanced database configuration option for example, then you can decide whether you want to use the same Automatic Storage Management disk group for database files and recovery files, or you can choose to use different disk groups for each file type. Ideally, you should create separate Automatic Storage Management disk groups for data files and for recovery files.

      The same choice is available to you if you use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the installation to create a database.

    • If you select an installation type that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in noninteractive mode, then you must use the same Automatic Storage Management disk group for data files and recovery files.

  2. Choose the Automatic Storage Management redundancy level that you want to use for each Automatic Storage Management disk group that you create.

    The redundancy level that you choose for the Automatic Storage Management disk group determines how Automatic Storage Management mirrors files in the disk group and determines the number of disks and amount of disk space that you require, as follows:

    • External redundancy

      An external redundancy disk group requires a minimum of one disk device. The effective disk space in an external redundancy disk group is the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.

      If you select this option, Automatic Storage Management does not mirror the contents of the disk group. Choose this redundancy level under any one of the following conditions:

      • When the disk group contains devices, such as RAID devices, that provide their own data protection

      • The use of the database does not require uninterrupted access to data, for example, in a development environment where you have a suitable backup strategy

    • Normal redundancy

      In a normal redundancy disk group, by default Automatic Storage Management uses two-way mirroring for datafiles and three-way mirroring for control files, to increase performance and reliability. Alternatively, you can use two-way mirroring or no mirroring. A normal redundancy disk group requires a minimum of two failure groups (or two disk devices) if you are using two-way mirroring. The effective disk space in a normal redundancy disk group is half the sum of the disk space in all of its devices.

      For most installations, Oracle recommends that you use normal redundancy disk groups.

    • High redundancy

      The contents of the disk group are three-way mirrored by default. To create a disk group with high redundancy, you must specify at least 3 failure groups (a minimum of 3 devices).

      Although high-redundancy disk groups provide a high level of data protection, you must consider the higher cost of additional storage devices before deciding to use this redundancy level.

  3. Determine the total amount of disk space that you require for the database files and recovery files.

    Use the following table to determine the minimum number of disks and the minimum disk space requirements for the installation:

    Redundancy Level Minimum Number of Disks Data Files Recovery Files Both File Types
    External 1 1.15 GB 2.3 GB 3.45 GB
    Normal 2 2.3 GB 4.6 GB 6.9 GB
    High 3 3.45 GB 6.9 GB 10.35 GB

    If an ASM instance is already running on the system, then you can use an existing disk group to meet these storage requirements. If necessary, you can add disks to an existing disk group during the installation.

    The following step describes how to identify existing disk groups and determine the free disk space that they contain.

  4. Optionally, identify failure groups for the Automatic Storage Management disk group devices.


    Note:

    You need to perform this step only if you intend to use an installation method that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode. For example, if you intend to choose the Custom installation type or the Advanced database configuration option. Other installation types do not enable you to specify failure groups.

    If you intend to use a normal or high redundancy disk group, then you can further protect the database against hardware failure by associating a set of disk devices in a custom failure group. By default, each device comprises its failure group. However, if two disk devices in a normal redundancy disk group are attached to the same SCSI controller, then the disk group becomes unavailable if the controller fails. The controller in this example is a single point of failure.

    To avoid failures of this type, you can use two SCSI controllers, each with two disks, and define a failure group for the disks attached to each controller. This configuration would enable the disk group to tolerate the failure of one SCSI controller.


    Note:

    If you define custom failure groups, then you must specify a minimum of two failure groups for normal redundancy disk groups and three failure groups for high redundancy disk groups.

  5. If you are sure that a suitable disk group does not exist on the system, then install or identify appropriate disk devices to add to a new disk group. Apply the following guidelines when identifying appropriate disk devices:

    • All the devices in an Automatic Storage Management disk group should be the same size and have the same performance characteristics.

    • Do not specify more than one partition on a single physical disk as a disk group device. Automatic Storage Management expects each disk group device to be on a separate physical disk.

    • Although you can specify a logical volume as a device in an Automatic Storage Management disk group, Oracle does not recommend its use. Logical volume managers can hide the physical disk architecture. This would prevent Automatic Storage Management from optimizing I/O across the physical devices.


    See Also:

    "Step 4: Configuring Disks for Automatic Storage Management" for information about completing this task

2.11.3 Step 2: Using an Existing Automatic Storage Management Disk Group


Note:

This is an optional step.

If you want to store either database or recovery files in an existing Automatic Storage Management disk group, then you have the following choices, depending on the installation method that you select:

  • If you select an installation method that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in interactive mode (for example, choosing the Advanced database configuration option), then you can decide whether you want to create a disk group or use an existing one.

    The same choice is available to you if you use Oracle Database Configuration Assistant after the installation to create a database.

  • If you select an installation method that runs Oracle Database Configuration Assistant in noninteractive mode, then you must choose an existing disk group for the new database; you cannot create a disk group. However, you can add disk devices to an existing disk group if it has insufficient free space for your requirements.


Note:

The ASM instance that manages the existing disk group can be running in a different Oracle home directory.

To determine whether an existing Automatic Storage Management disk group exists, or to determine whether there is sufficient disk space in a disk group, you can use Oracle Enterprise Manager Grid Control or Database Control. Alternatively, you can use the following procedure:

  1. View the contents of the oratab file to determine whether an ASM instance is configured on the system:

    # more /etc/oratab
    
    

    If an ASM instance is configured on the system, then the oratab file should contain a line similar to the following:

    +ASM:oracle_home_path:N
    
    

    In this example, +ASM is the system identifier (SID) of the ASM instance and oracle_home_path is the Oracle home directory where it is installed. By convention, the SID for an ASM instance begins with a plus sign.

  2. Open a shell window and temporarily set the ORACLE_SID and ORACLE_HOME environment variables to specify the appropriate values for the ASM instance that you want to use.

    For example, if the Automatic Storage Management SID is named OraDB10g+ASM and is located in the asm subdirectory of the ORACLE_BASE directory, then enter the following commands to create the required settings:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ ORACLE_SID=OraDB10g+ASM
      $ export ORACLE_SID
      $ ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/asm
      $ export ORACLE_HOME
      
      
    • C shell:

      % setenv ORACLE_SID OraDB10g+ASM
      % setenv ORACLE_HOME /u01/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/asm
      
      
  3. By using SQL*Plus, connect to the ASM instance as the SYS user with SYSDBA privilege and start the instance if necessary:

    # $ORACLE_HOME/bin/sqlplus "SYS/SYS_password as SYSDBA"
    SQL> STARTUP
    
    
  4. Enter the following command to view the existing disk groups, their redundancy level, and the amount of free disk space in each one:

    SQL> SELECT NAME,TYPE,TOTAL_MB,FREE_MB FROM V$ASM_DISKGROUP;
    
    
  5. From the output, identify a disk group with the appropriate redundancy level and note the free space that it contains.

  6. If necessary, install or identify the additional disk devices required to meet the storage requirements listed in the previous section.


    Note:

    If you are adding devices to an existing disk group, then Oracle recommends that you use devices that have the same size and performance characteristics as the existing devices in that disk group.

2.11.4 Step 3: Creating DAS or SAN Disk Partitions for Automatic Storage Management

In order to use a DAS or SAN disk in Automatic Storage Management, the disk must have a partition table. Oracle recommends creating exactly one partition for each disk containing the entire disk.


Note:

You can use any physical disk for Automatic Storage Management, as long as it is partitioned.

2.11.5 Step 4: Configuring Disks for Automatic Storage Management

To configure disks for use with Automatic Storage Management:

  1. If necessary, install the disks that you intend to use for the Automatic Storage Management disk group and restart the system.

  2. To ensure that the disks are available, enter the following command:

    # /usr/sbin/lsdev -Cc disk
    
    

    The output from this command is similar to the following:

    hdisk0 Available 1A-09-00-8,0  16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
    hdisk1 Available 1A-09-00-9,0  16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
    hdisk2 Available 17-08-L       SSA Logical Disk Drive
    
    
  3. If a disk is not listed as available, then enter the following command to configure the new disks:

    # /usr/sbin/cfgmgr
    
    
  4. Enter the following command on any node to identify the device names for the physical disks that you want to use:

    # /usr/sbin/lspv | grep -i none
    
    

    This command displays information similar to the following for each disk that is not configured in a volume group:

    hdisk2     0000078752249812   None
    
    

    In this example, hdisk2 is the device name of the disk and 0000078752249812 is the physical volume ID (PVID). The disks that you want to use may have a PVID, but they must not belong to a volume group.

  5. Enter commands similar to the following to clear the PVID from each disk device that you want to use:

    # /usr/sbin/chdev -l hdiskn -a pv=clear
    
    
  6. Enter commands similar to the following to change the owner, group, and permissions on the character raw device file for each disk that you want to add to the disk group:

    # chown oracle:dba /dev/rhdiskn
    # chmod 660 /dev/rhdiskn
    

    Note:

    If you are using a multi-pathing disk driver with Automatic Storage Management, then ensure that you set the permissions only on the correct logical device name for the disk.

  7. If you also want to use raw devices for storage, then refer to the following section.

    Otherwise, refer to the "Stopping Existing Oracle Processes" section.

2.12 Configuring Raw Logical Volumes

The following subsections describe how to configure or raw logical volumes.

2.12.1 Create a Volume Group

To create a volume group for the Oracle Database files:

  1. If necessary, install the disks that you intend to use.

  2. To ensure that the disks are available, enter the following command

    # /usr/sbin/lsdev -Cc disk
    
    

    The output from this command is similar to the following:

    hdisk0 Available 1A-09-00-8,0  16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
    hdisk1 Available 1A-09-00-9,0  16 Bit LVD SCSI Disk Drive
    hdisk2 Available 17-08-L       SSA Logical Disk Drive
    
    
  3. If a disk is not listed as available, then enter the following command to configure the new disks:

    # /usr/sbin/cfgmgr
    
    
  4. Enter the following command to identify the device names and any associated volume group for each disk:

    # /usr/sbin/lspv
    
    

    The output from this command is similar to the following:

    hdisk0     0000078752249812   rootvg
    hdisk1     none               none
    hdisk4     00034b6fd4ac1d71   ccvg1
    
    

    For each disk, this command shows:

    • The disk device name

    • Either the 16 character physical volume identifier (PVID) if the disk has one, or none

    • Either the volume group to which the disk belongs, or none

    The disks that you want to use may have a PVID, but they must not belong to existing volume groups.

  5. If a disk that you want to use for the volume group does not have a PVID, then enter a command similar to the following to assign one to it:

    # /usr/sbin/chdev -l hdiskn -a pv=yes
    
    
  6. To identify used device major numbers, enter the following command:

    # ls -la /dev | more
    
    

    This command displays information about all configured devices, similar to the following:

    crw-rw----   1 root     system    45,  0 Jul 19 11:56 vg1
    
    

    In this example, 45 is the major number of the vg1 volume group device.

  7. Identify an appropriate major number that is unused.

  8. To create a volume group, enter a command similar to the following, or use SMIT (smit mkvg):

    # /usr/sbin/mkvg -y VGname -B -s PPsize -V majornum \
    -C PhysicalVolumes
    
    
  9. The following table describes the options and variables used in this example. Refer to the mkvg man page for more information about these options.

    Command Option SMIT Field Sample Value and Description
    -y VGname
    
    VOLUME GROUP name
    oracle_vg1
    
    
    Specify the name for the volume group. The name that you specify could be a generic name, as shown, or it could specify the name of the database that you intend to create.
    -B
    
    Create a big VG format Volume Group Specify this option to create a big VG format volume group.

    Note: If you are using SMIT, then choose yes for this field.

    -s PPsize
    
    Physical partition SIZE in megabytes
    32
    
    
    Specify the size of the physical partitions for the database. The sample value shown enables you to include a disk up to 32 GB in size (32 MB * 1016).
    -V Majornum
    
    Volume Group MAJOR NUMBER
    46
    
    
    Specify the device major number for the volume group that you identified in Step 7.
    -C
    
    Create VG Concurrent Capable Specify this option to create a concurrent capable volume group.

    Note: If you are using SMIT, then choose yes for this field.

    PhysicalVolumes
    
    PHYSICAL VOLUME names
    hdisk3 hdisk4
    
    
    Specify the device names of the disks that you want to add to the volume group.

  10. Enter a command similar to following to vary on the volume group you have created:

    # /usr/sbin/varyonvg VGname
    

2.12.2 Creating Raw Logical Volumes in the New Volume Group

To create the required raw logical volumes in the new volume group:

  1. Choose a name for the database that you want to create.

    The name that you choose must start with a letter and have no more than four characters, for example, orcl.

  2. Identify the logical volumes that you must create.

    Table 2-1 lists the number and size of the logical volumes that you must create for database files.

    Table 2-1 Raw Logical Volumes Required for Database Files

    Number Size (MB) Purpose and Sample Logical Volume Name

    1

    500

    SYSTEM tablespace:

    dbname_system_raw_500m
    

    1

    500

    SYSAUX tablespace:

    dbname_sysaux_raw_500m
    

    1

    500

    UNDOTBS1 tablespace:

    dbname_undotbs1_raw_500m
    

    1

    250

    TEMP tablespace:

    dbname_temp_raw_250m
    

    1

    160

    EXAMPLE tablespace:

    dbname_example_raw_160m
    

    1

    120

    USERS tablespace:

    dbname_users_raw_120m
    

    2

    120

    Two online redo log files (where m is the log number, 1 or 2):

    dbname_redo1_m_raw_120m
    

    2

    110

    First and second control files:

    dbname_control{1|2}_raw_110m
    

    1

    5

    Server parameter file (SPFILE):

    dbname_spfile_raw_5m
    

    1

    5

    Password file:

    dbname_pwdfile_raw_5m
    

  3. To create each required logical volume, enter a command similar to the following (or use smit mklv):

    # /usr/sbin/mklv -y LVname -T O -w n -s n -r n VGname NumPPs
    
    

    In this example:

    • LVname is the name of the logical volume that you want to create

    • The -T O option specifies that the device subtype should be z, which causes Oracle to use a zero offset when accessing this raw logical volume

    • VGname is the name of the volume group where you want to create the logical volume

    • NumPPs is the number of physical partitions to use

      To determine the value to use for NumPPs, divide the required size of the logical volume by the size of the physical partition and round the value up to an integer. For example, if the size of the physical partition is 32 MB and you want to create a 500 MB logical volume, then you should specify 16 for the NumPPs (500/32 = 15.625).

    The following example shows the command used to create a logical volume for the SYSAUX tablespace of the test database in the oracle_vg1 volume group with a physical partition size of 32 MB:

    # /usr/sbin/mklv -y test_sysaux_raw_500m -T O -w n -s n -r n oracle_vg1 16
    
    
  4. Change the owner, group, and permissions on the character device files associated with the logical volumes that you created, as follows:

    # chown oracle:dba /dev/rdbname*
    # chmod 660 /dev/rdbname*
    
    

2.12.3 Create the Oracle Database Configuration Assistant Raw Device Mapping File

To enable Oracle Database Configuration Assistant to identify the appropriate raw device for each database file, you must create a raw device mapping file, as follows:

  1. Set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable to specify the Oracle base directory that you identified or created previously:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle ; export ORACLE_BASE
      
      
    • C shell:

      % setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle
      
      
  2. Create a database file subdirectory under the Oracle base directory and set the appropriate owner, group, and permissions on it:

    # mkdir -p $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dbname
    # chown -R oracle:oinstall $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
    # chmod -R 775 $ORACLE_BASE/oradata
    
    

    In this example, dbname is the name of the database that you chose previously.

  3. Change directory to the $ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dbname directory.

  4. Enter the following command to create a text file that you can use to create the raw device mapping file:

    # find /dev -user oracle -name 'r*' -print > dbname_raw.conf
    
    
  5. Edit the dbname_raw.conf file in any text editor to create a file similar to the following:

    system=/dev/rdbname_system_raw_500m
    sysaux=/dev/rdbname_sysaux_raw_500m
    example=/dev/rdbname_example_raw_160m
    users=/dev/rdbname_users_raw_120m
    temp=/dev/rdbname_temp_raw_250m
    undotbs1=/dev/rdbname_undotbs1_raw_500m
    redo1_1=/dev/rdbname_redo1_1_raw_120m
    redo1_2=/dev/rdbname_redo1_2_raw_120m
    control1=/dev/rdbname_control1_raw_110m
    control2=/dev/rdbname_control2_raw_110m
    spfile=/dev/rdbname_spfile_raw_5m
    pwdfile=/dev/rdbname_pwdfile_raw_5m
    
    

    In this example, dbname is the name of the database.

    Use the following guidelines when creating or editing this file:

    • Each line in the file must have the following format:

      database_object_identifier=logical_volume
      
      

      The logical volume names suggested in this manual include the database object identifier that you must use in this mapping file. For example, in the following logical volume name, redo1_1 is the database object identifier:

      /dev/rrac_redo1_1_raw_120m
      
      
    • The file must specify one automatic undo tablespace datafile (undotbs1), and at least two redo log files (redo1_1, redo1_2).

    • Specify at least two control files (control1, control2).

    • To use manual instead of automatic undo management, specify a single RBS tablespace datafile (rbs) instead of the automatic undo management tablespace datafile.

  6. Save the file and note the file name that you specified.

  7. When you are configuring the oracle user's environment later in this chapter, set the DBCA_RAW_CONFIG environment variable to specify the full path to this file.


See Also:

Oracle Database Oracle Clusterware and Oracle Real Application Clusters Installation Guide for AIX Based Systems for more information about raw devices on RAC

2.13 Stopping Existing Oracle Processes


Caution:

If you are installing additional Oracle Database 10g products in an existing Oracle home, then stop all processes running in the Oracle home. You must complete this task to enable Oracle Universal Installer to relink certain executables and libraries.

If you choose to create a database during the installation, then most installation types configure and start a default Oracle Net listener using TCP/IP port 1521 and the IPC key value EXTPROC. However, if an existing Oracle Net listener process is using the same port or key value, Oracle Universal Installer can only configure the new listener; it cannot start it. To ensure that the new listener process starts during the installation, you must shut down any existing listeners before starting Oracle Universal Installer.

To determine whether an existing listener process is running and to shut it down if necessary:

  1. Switch user to oracle:

    # su - oracle
    
    
  2. Enter the following command to determine whether a listener process is running and to identify its name and the Oracle home directory in which it is installed:

    $ ps -ef | grep tnslsnr
    
    

    This command displays information about the Oracle Net listeners running on the system:

    ... oracle_home1/bin/tnslsnr LISTENER -inherit
    
    

    In this example, oracle_home1 is the Oracle home directory where the listener is installed and LISTENER is the listener name.


    Note:

    If no Oracle Net listeners are running, then refer to the "Configuring the oracle User's Environment" section to continue.

  3. Set the ORACLE_HOME environment variable to specify the appropriate Oracle home directory for the listener:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ ORACLE_HOME=oracle_home1
      $ export ORACLE_HOME
      
      
    • C or tcsh shell:

      % setenv ORACLE_HOME oracle_home1
      
      
  4. Enter the following command to identify the TCP/IP port number and IPC key value that the listener is using:

    $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl status listenername
    

    Note:

    If the listener uses the default name LISTENER, then you do not have to specify the listener name in this command.

  5. Enter a command similar to the following to stop the listener process:

    $ $ORACLE_HOME/bin/lsnrctl stop listenername
    
    
  6. Repeat this procedure to stop all listeners running on this system.

2.14 Configuring the oracle User's Environment

You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before you start Oracle Universal Installer you must configure the environment of the oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:

To set the oracle user's environment:

  1. Start a new terminal session, for example, an X terminal (xterm).

  2. Enter the following command to ensure that X Window applications can display on this system:

    $ xhost fully_qualified_remote_host_name
    
    

    For example:

    $ xhost somehost.us.acme.com
    
    
  3. If you are not already logged in to the system where you want to install the software, then log in to that system as the oracle user.

  4. If you are not logged in as the oracle user, then switch user to oracle:

    $ su - oracle
    
    
  5. To determine the default shell for the oracle user, enter the following command:

    $ echo $SHELL
    
    
  6. Open the oracle user's shell startup file in any text editor:

    • C shell (csh or tcsh):

      % vi .login
      
      
  7. Enter or edit the following line, specifying a value of 022 for the default file mode creation mask:

    umask 022
    
    
  8. If the ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME, or ORACLE_BASE environment variable is set in the file, then remove the appropriate lines from the file.

  9. Add one of the following lines to the file to set the AIXTHREAD_SCOPE environment variable to S (system-wide thread scope):

    • Bourne shell (sh), Bash shell (bash), or Korn shell (ksh):

      AIXTHREAD_SCOPE=S; export AIXTHREAD_SCOPE
      
      
    • C shell (csh or tcsh):

      setenv AIXTHREAD_SCOPE S
      

    See Also:

    Oracle Database Administrator's Reference for AIX Systems for more information about this environment variable

  10. Save the file, and exit from the editor.

  11. To run the shell startup script, enter one of the following commands:

    • Bash shell:

      $ . ./.bash_profile
      
      
    • Bourne or Korn shell:

      $ . ./.profile
      
      
    • C shell:

      % source ./.login
      
      
  12. If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter a command similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ DISPLAY=local_host:0.0 ; export DISPLAY
      
      
    • C shell:

      % setenv DISPLAY local_host:0.0
      
      

    In this example, local_host is the host name or IP address of the system that you want to use to display Oracle Universal Installer (your workstation or PC).

  13. If you determined that the /tmp directory has less than 400 MB of free disk space, then identify a file system with at least 400 MB of free space and set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables to specify a temporary directory on this file system:

    1. Use the df -k command to identify a suitable file system with sufficient free space.

    2. If necessary, enter commands similar to the following to create a temporary directory on the file system that you identified, and set the appropriate permissions on the directory:

      $ su - root
      # mkdir /mount_point/tmp
      # chmod a+wr /mount_point/tmp
      # exit
      
      
    3. Enter commands similar to the following to set the TEMP and TMPDIR environment variables:

      • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

        $ TEMP=/mount_point/tmp
        $ TMPDIR=/mount_point/tmp
        $ export TEMP TMPDIR
        
        
      • C shell:

        % setenv TEMP /mount_point/tmp
        % setenv TMPDIR /mount_point/tmp
        
        
  14. Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID environment variables:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
      $ ORACLE_SID=sales
      $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
      
      
    • C shell:

      % setenv ORACLE_BASE /u01/app/oracle
      % setenv ORACLE_SID sales
      
      

    In these examples, /u01/app/oracle is the Oracle base directory that you created or identified earlier and sales is the name that you want to call the database (typically no more than five characters).

  15. If you are using raw devices for database storage, then set the DBCA_RAW_CONFIG environment variable to specify the full path to the raw device mapping file:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ DBCA_RAW_CONFIG=$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dbname/dbname_raw.conf
      $ export DBCA_RAW_CONFIG
      
      
    • C shell:

      % setenv DBCA_RAW_CONFIG=$ORACLE_BASE/oradata/dbname/dbname_raw.conf
      
      
  16. Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN environment variables are not set:

    • Bourne, Bash, or Korn shell:

      $ unset ORACLE_HOME
      $ unset TNS_ADMIN
      
      
    • C shell:

      % unsetenv ORACLE_HOME
      % unsetenv TNS_ADMIN
      

    Note:

    If the ORACLE_HOME environment variable is set, then Oracle Universal Installer uses the value that it specifies as the default path for the Oracle home directory. However, if you set the ORACLE_BASE environment variable, then Oracle recommends that you unset the ORACLE_HOME environment variable and choose the default path suggested by Oracle Universal Installer.

  17. To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following commands:

    $ umask
    $ env | more
    
    

    Verify that the umask command displays a value of 22, 022, or 0022 and the environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values.