Copyright © 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997  Free Software Foundation, Inc.

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this documentation 
provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute modified versions of this documentation 
under the conditions for verbatim copying, provided also that the entire resulting 
derived work is distributed under the terms of a permission notice identical to this one.

Permission is granted to copy and distribute translations of this documentation 
into another language, under the above conditions for modified versions.

The Free Software Foundation Inc. thanks The Nice Computer Company of Australia 
for loaning Dean Elsner to write the first (Vax) version of as for Project GNU . 
The proprietors, management and staff of TNCCA thank FSF for distracting the 
boss while they got some work done.

Copyright © 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997  Cygnus Solutions. All rights reserved.

GNUPro™ is a trademark of Cygnus. All other brand and product names 
are trademarks of their respective owners.

This documentation has been prepared by Cygnus Technical Publications; 
contact the Cygnus Technical Publications staff: doc@cygnus.com.

• Overview of as, the GNU Assembler
• Structure of this documentation
• as, the GNU assembler
• Object file formats
• Command line
• Input files
• Output (object) file
• Error and warning messages
• Command-line options
• Enable listings: -a[dhlns]
• -D
• Work faster: -f
• .include search path: -I path
• Difference tables: -K
• Include local labels: -L
• Assemble in MRI compatibility mode: -M
• Name the object file: -o
• Join data and text sections: -R
• Display assembly statistics: --statistics
• Announce version: -v
• Suppress warnings: -W
• Generate object file in spite of errors: -Z
• Syntax
• Preprocessing
• Whitespace
• Comments
• Symbols
• Statements
• Constants
• Character constants
• Number constants
• Sections and relocation
• ld sections
• as internal sections
• Sub-sections
• bss section
• Symbols in as
• Labels
• Giving symbols other values
• Symbol names
• The special dot symbol
• Symbol Attributes
• Value
• Type
• Symbol attributes: a.out
• Symbol attributes for COFF
• Symbol attributes for SOM
• Expressions
• Empty expressions
• Integer expressions
• Arguments
• Operators
• Prefix operator
• Infix operators
• Assembler directives
• Machine dependent features
• AMD 29K dependent features
• VAX dependent features
• H8/300 dependent features
• H8/500 dependent features
• HPPA dependent features
• Hitachi SH dependent features
• Intel 960 dependent features
• M680x0 dependent features
• SPARC dependent features
• 80386 dependent features
• Z8000 dependent features
• MIPS dependent features
• Acknowledgements
• Index