Many options have both long and short forms; both are shown in the following list. GDB also recognizes the long forms if you truncate them, so long as enough of the option is present to be unambiguous. (If you prefer, you can flag option arguments with ‘--’ rather than ‘-’, though we illustrate the more usual convention.)
 

-symbols file
-s file
Read symbol table from file, file.

-exec file
-e file
Use file, file, as the executable file to execute when appropriate, and for examining pure data in conjunction with a core dump.

-se file
Read symbol table from file, file, and use it as the executable file.

-core file
-c file

Use file, file, as a core dump to examine.

-c number

Connect to process ID number, as with the attach command (unless there is a file in coredump format named number, in which case ‘-c’ specifies that file as a core dump to read).

-command file
-x file

Execute GDB commands from file, file. See Command files.

-directory directory
-d directory

Add directory to the path to search for source files.

-m
-mapped

If memory-mapped files are available on your system through the mmap system call, you can use this option to have GDB write the symbols from your program into a reusable file in the current directory. If the program you are debugging is called ‘/tmp/fred’, the mapped symbol file is ‘./fred.syms’. Future GDB debugging sessions notice the presence of this file, and can quickly map in symbol information from it, rather than reading the symbol table from the executable program.
The ‘.syms’ file is specific to the host machine where GDB is run. It holds an exact image of the internal GDB symbol table. It cannot be shared across multiple host platforms.
 
Warning:
This option depends on operating system facilities that are not supported on all systems.

-r
-readnow

Read each symbol file’s entire symbol table immediately, rather than the default, which is to read it incrementally as it is needed. This makes startup slower, but makes future operations faster.
The -mapped and -readnow options are typically combined in order to build a ‘.syms’ file that contains complete symbol information. (See Commands to specify files for information.
A ‘.syms’ file for future use is what the following example shows.
 
gdb -batch -nx -mapped -readnow programname